A concrete foundation depends on preparation, processing, protection, constituent components and their proportions. The structure of concrete consists of 3 elements: cement, water and filler. Crushed stone is used as the last component, since it has high strength and is easy to use. In addition, crushed stone reduces settlement and creep, which increases the service life of the structure and reduces the amount of cement required.
The origin of crushed stone is varied: from rock formations to sedimentary formations. Depending on this, the material is divided into categories. Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of the filler and determine which building material is better.
Purpose
Without special knowledge, many believe that the reliability of concrete depends on the amount of cement. However, it is not. Cement acts as a binding filler material for foundations, one of which is crushed stone. Based on this, we can say that the quality of concrete cannot depend only on cement. The main component is the filler.
One of the most durable materials is crushed granite stone. But if you want to reduce construction costs, then you can safely use filler material from blast furnace and nickel slag. Crushed stone plays the role of coarse aggregate. The type of concrete depends on its strength. However, the larger size of the stone does not improve the performance of the structure.
Among other things, crushed stone prevents concrete from shrinking. Based on this, the thicker the concrete layer, the higher the aggregate fraction should be. The strength of concrete also depends on the shape of the crushed stone. When choosing a filler, pay attention to stones whose shape is similar to cubic, and also to the mineral composition.
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Order quality crushed stone with delivery
You have the opportunity to buy crushed limestone from our company at a relatively low price with fast delivery. Benefits you will receive:
- Excellent quality of the products offered.
- Loyal pricing policy.
- Fast delivery times.
- If necessary, consult specialists.
Already a large number of our clients who purchased crushed stone from us highlight the high quality of the material, as well as the relatively low cost. Delivery of crushed stone is carried out in a short time without delays. The high quality of the products offered, prompt delivery and relatively low price set our company apart from a large number of competitors who offer similar services. Call us and our qualified specialists will advise you on all issues related to the specifics of the correct choice and subsequent purchase of high-quality and reliable crushed stone.
Characteristics
Among the main characteristics, strength, resistance to cold, and flakiness should be highlighted.
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Frost resistance
Depends on the number of freezing and thawing cycles. Based on this, there are 8 grades of crushed stone, the most popular of which are F 300 and F 400.
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Strength
For high-strength concrete, high-strength types of crushed stone are used.
The following categories of filler are distinguished according to this criterion:
- high strength;
- lasting;
- medium strength;
- weak;
- very weak.
This parameter depends on the strength of the rock from which the material is made. It is verified by testing the crushing of the filler material during compression in the cylinder and wear in the drum. Most often, builders choose the second category, which has an affordable price and excellent quality. More durable building materials are used in the construction of structures made of heavy concrete.
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Flakiness
The essence of this quality lies in the level of the filler plane. One of the highest quality fillers is cube-shaped material. It has good connecting properties. Flat or needle-shaped crushed stone causes the creation of microvoids in concrete and increases the amount of binding agent for the solution. In addition, cubic aggregate has increased strength compared to other shapes.
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Technical properties of crushed stone
Depending on the type, crushed stone has certain technical characteristics. When choosing the type of crushed stone, it is necessary to take into account not only its fractionation, but also its characteristics. Different construction works require different types of crushed stone, and the quality of the entire work can depend on the correct choice of fraction.
In accordance with GOST, the following main characteristics of crushed stone are distinguished:
- Frost resistance. This property shows the ability of crushed stone to withstand alternate freezing and thawing in a wet state while maintaining its properties and structure. According to frost resistance, types of crushed stone are: highly resistant (F200,300,400), resistant (F50,100,150) and unstable (F15,25).
- Strength characterizes the ability of crushed stone to withstand loads of a certain magnitude. By strength, crushed stone is distinguished: super-strong (M1400-M1600), high-strength (M1200-1400), strong (M800-M1200), medium strength (M600-M800), weak strength (M300-M600), very weak strength (M200).
- Flakiness. This is the main and very important property of crushed stone, showing the presence of relatively smooth edges (sides) on the “grains” in the total mass of crushed stone. According to the flakiness, crushed stone is: cuboid - group 1, improved - group 2, normal - group 3. The most effective is crushed stone of the 1st flakiness group. It is easy to tamper and more durable. Cuboid crushed stone is an excellent material for creating foundations and road surfaces.
Classification
The main classification of this material is the difference according to the criterion of origin. There are artificial and natural crushed stone. The first category is created in the process of processing waste that remains after construction and household slag. It is not primary, so it is relatively inexpensive. However, its use is impossible during construction work. The second option is extracted from rocks using crushing. Let's take a closer look at the features of each category.
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Granite
Crushed granite - 5-20.
This filler differs in strength from other ore materials. The starting material for its production is natural granite. This is the best tool for working with:
- road surface;
- structures under heavy load;
- bridge structures.
When choosing granite crushed stone, pay attention to density, reliability and brand. Filler with a size of 5–20 mm is popular in the construction market. It is characterized by reliability and high operational properties.
Medium fraction filler is used in the construction of industrial structures. Large is used for the construction of large objects. The highest strength filler is included in the rubble concrete for the foundation. This building material itself is durable and resistant to frost.
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Limestone
The starting material for this type of filler is lime. Its features are as follows:
- used in the construction of roads and reinforced concrete structures;
- fine fractions are used when draining the soil with crushed stone;
- affordable price category.
This product is popular on the market, but is inferior in terms of strength to granite filler.
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Gravel
This type of material is obtained by sifting quarry rocks and grinding natural stone rocks. The strength of the material is lower than previous representatives, but for those who want to reduce the financial costs of construction it is a priority. Gravel itself belongs to this category. The shape of this filler is round. It is used for decorative works. As for the sizes of crushed gravel, they are 3-10 mm, 5-20 mm, 5-40 mm and 20-40 mm.
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Slag
Slag crushed stone.
This building material is produced by processing slags that are formed as a result of the production of metallurgy and cast slags. There are such fractions of crushed slag stone:
- 5-10 mm;
- 10-20 mm;
- 20-40 mm;
- 40-70 mm;
- 70-120 mm.
It can be used both as a filler for concrete and to strengthen road bases or create asphalt concrete.
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Secondary
The features of secondary crushed stone are varied. It is created by crushing construction waste - concrete and brick products. The main difference of this building material is the ability to manufacture it yourself, which reduces financial costs. If you buy it, the cost is very affordable. However, it is not without its drawbacks: frost resistance and strength are not as high as those of crushed stone made from natural materials.
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Advantages
Prompt delivery
Possibility of self-pickup
Own vehicle fleet
Delivery by river to other cities of the Russian Federation
For our clients, we have created the best conditions for purchasing high-quality and relatively inexpensive crushed stone. From us you can purchase crushed stone with fraction sizes from 5 to 70 mm:
- Small.
- Average.
- Large crushed stone.
The presented material is very popular and in demand today, because it has high performance characteristics, some of them are:
- Strength indicators M1200-M1400.
- Frost resistance F300-F400.
- The bulk density of crushed stone is 1.45-1.55 t/m3.
- Flakiness is 15-25%.
If you need to profitably purchase crushed stone in bulk with fast delivery, then call us. If you have any questions or difficulties regarding the specifics of choosing and purchasing high-quality crushed stone, then use the current and verified information available on the official website of our company. We value our clients, therefore we have created the most optimal and most beneficial conditions for mutually beneficial cooperation.
The ratio of concrete grade and crushed stone grade
The filler in concrete plays an important role. The popularity of hardwoods depends on their strength. Based on this feature, there are several grades of crushed stone that affect the grade of concrete. Thus, filler grade M1200 forms concrete grade M400-M500. Deviations from the system are possible depending on the amount of sand and cement in the concrete solution. In addition, the grade of concrete cannot be higher than the grade of filler.
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Fractions and their choice during construction
Crushed stone fraction for concrete.
The size of the material underlies the division into established categories. This makes it easier to select aggregate when creating concrete. Application features are as follows:
- to create concrete, building materials ranging in size from 20 to 40 mm are used;
- When building in places with poor climatic conditions, the frost resistance of the selected category should be taken into account. The most commonly used brand is F300;
- construction of structural supports requires materials with low radioactivity. Gravel aggregate will do;
- in works related to backfilling of railway structures, large-sized crushed stone is used;
- fine fractions are part of reinforced concrete objects.
Taking these rules into account is important for the quality of the future design, but to achieve results, consult with specialists.
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