Installation of log houses: step-by-step description of turnkey installation

How to correctly lay the lower or embedded crown of a log house

The lower crown of the log house requires special attention, since it will be in close proximity to the ground and in contact with the foundation. Because of this, it suffers most from high humidity and fails very quickly. Very often it has to be replaced when the rest of the frame shows no significant signs of wear. The first crown of a log house (also called the frame) requires careful waterproofing of the base, and the strongest and thickest lumber is always chosen for it.

Laying the first crown on the foundation

The entire future “fate” of the structure depends on how accurately the first (or frame) crown of a log house or half-timbered frame is assembled and installed, and how well the foundation, for example, made of concrete blocks, is qualitatively insulated from moisture penetration. They say that in ancient times, log houses were built with their own hands without a foundation, and the frame crown was wrapped in several layers of birch bark and laid on the ground. The technology is very questionable, because it has long been known that a reliable foundation is the key to the strength and longevity of any building.

Protection of the lower crown during installation

How to protect the lower crown of a log house from high humidity and precipitation? To do this, you will need to organize proper waterproofing and take care of treating the wood with special protective substances.

Waterproofing must be installed on any foundation: these are several layers of roofing material or bitumen mastic, designed to protect the structure from water. In addition, it is necessary to treat the logs or beams themselves with antiseptics to prevent rotting.

The frame of a log frame can be laid in two main ways:

The lower part of the log is trimmed a few centimeters to create a flat surface necessary for a tight fit to the foundation. Before laying, a layer of inter-crown insulation is sometimes placed on the waterproofing material to prevent heat loss and additionally protect the wood from freezing.

The logs of the lower crown are stacked using the “bowl” method. The main disadvantage is that there remains a gap between the logs and the foundation; it is covered with bars, log halves, etc. The gap must be lined with insulation.

There is another way: the first two logs are cut exactly halfway, the next two are cut a few centimeters. This allows you to ensure the most even fit to the foundation; there will be no gaps, which means heat loss is reduced. All lower surfaces of the log must be coated with an antiseptic several times, this will help significantly slow down the rotting process.

The casing crown suffers not only because of the proximity of the ground. It will constantly receive slanting rain, snow will accumulate near it in winter, and rainwater will flow down the wall.

The lower crown of a bathhouse frame needs increased protection: constant humidity makes the building much more susceptible to rotting, and this is especially true for the lower crown.

Sometimes a backing board is used in construction: it is placed between the foundation and the lower crown and must be lined with insulation.

The advantage is that the flashing board is much easier to change than the lower crown itself: if rotting processes begin, the building is lifted with the help of jacks, and the boards are replaced with new ones.

Common mistakes when laying the lower crown

Often the lower crown has to be changed very quickly, since gross errors were made at the very beginning of construction. If the protection is insufficient, the wood will quickly begin to rot, and very soon the building will require major repairs. First of all, this applies to log baths, since they suffer much more from changes in temperature and humidity.

The most common causes of premature wood decay:

If the building has a columnar foundation, it is not recommended to fill it with backfill. The material will settle unevenly, which will ultimately lead to the formation of cracks into which water will begin to enter. The logs will freeze, and after thawing, rotting processes will inevitably begin.
On heaving soils, the strip foundation constantly suffers due to soil movements. It can be pushed upward unevenly, which leads to the appearance of cracks at the points of contact with the wall. Even small gaps get atmospheric moisture, which is why the logs can begin to rot.
The condition of the log house can be negatively affected by insufficient treatment with antiseptic compounds, insufficient ventilation of the subfloor, too weak a layer of waterproofing and other common mistakes. The bottom crown will always suffer more than any other wall elements, so it will wear out faster in any case.

What to rest the floor joists on in a log house

Question:

I plan to build a 6 by 9 house from timber. Is it possible to lay floor logs on a foundation that is 40 cm wide? Everywhere they write that they need to be laid on 1 crown of the log house.

Renat, Agryz.

Answer:

Hello, Renat from Agryz!

Of course you can do as you say. That is, lay the floor joists directly on the foundation base. Moreover, the width of the foundation is 40 centimeters, and the lower frame of the frame can be of a very large cross-section. Even with its maximum width, there will still be room to support the floor joist, which is recommended to be about 15 centimeters on each side of the joist.

Since the floor joists are usually made in height approximately equal to the height of the section of the casing, they can either be cut into the thickness of the wood of the casing or simply tied together with some kind of fastener. The shrinkage of the log does not play any role here. Although it should be noted that a tie-in is not always done, since it is believed that the lowest beam or log of a log house should be solid, since this is the basis of the entire building and any tie-in here reduces the structural strength of the house. Hence the recommendations of your friends and many experts about laying floor joists on the first crown of the log house.

So the choice of one of the two options is yours. With our construction teams, we do both.

That is, the first option is to lay the floor joists directly on the base of the foundation and fasten them to the first crown of the log house either with through-tapping self-tapping screws on the outside of the crown, or with long nails, or with metal corners from the inside of the log house. All this without any cutting into the wood of the crown.

The second option is to insert into the second crown, that is, by laying the logs on the first crown.

It will be correct for both the first and second options.

The only thing worth remembering is that with any option, between the stone foundation and the wood of the crown and logs (necessarily treated with an antiseptic against rotting) there must be waterproofing in a couple of layers of roofing material or its analogues.

Good luck!

Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

We work with a guarantee! Wide range of construction services.
Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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Other questions on the topic of log houses:

Replacing logs in log houses

Cost of replacing the top rims of a log house
Rotten crowns in the middle of the wall
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Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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Construction in Moscow and Moscow region

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Foundation, walls, ceilings, roofing, turnkey! +7 (905) 797-20-34

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How to cover an unfinished log house for the winter
The beam bends out of the log house
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Processing and insulation of external walls of a log house made of timber
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Ceiling beams 7.5 m in a house made of timber
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Log house on the spring
Preparing a log house for winter
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Log house repair
Photo of a chopped log house

Log houses and their maintenance

All questions to Semenych about construction

Semenych (author of materials)

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Replacing the crown in a log house

How to change the crown of a log house without damaging the entire structure? This kind of work requires a lot of preparation. Half the house is being dismantled, and if there is a stove, then the pipe will also have to be disassembled.

The logs need to be inspected, choosing the strongest areas under which jacks can be placed. To lift a house, you will need powerful jacks with high lifting capacity, wedges and logs, with which you can make temporary supports.

Using a jack, the frame is raised, after which the damaged lower logs can be removed. Accuracy and caution are important in the work; in order to lift the building with minimal damage, it is also necessary to check the safety of the foundation: if it begins to collapse, it is necessary to take care of a new concrete belt that will hold the foundation. New material is installed on the foundation, after which the structure can be lowered and the disassembled elements can be restored.

Rules for assembling a log house

Laying logs in crowns. There are two ways of laying - butt to top and butt to butt (top to top). But if it is necessary to make horizontal alignment in a row, this rule can be changed.
To obtain the required rigidity in the log structure, they are fixed in vertical planes using dowels - wooden parts machined in the form of a round or square rod. Dowels pass two or three logs at once into drilled holes; such fastening is done in each crown. Holes are drilled using wood drills with a length of 450 mm and a diameter of 25 mm. The distance between the holes is selected from 80 to 150 cm. There should be at least 100 mm from the edges of the openings and bowls. The pins are driven into the holes with a hammer, into a “tightness”. The use of metal pins instead of wooden dowels for a log house is unacceptable. Firstly, the metal condenses moisture from the air, and wood rotting in the inter-crown seals inside the walls becomes possible. Secondly, when driving pointed pins, free shrinkage of the logs is impossible; during the shrinkage process, the logs “hang” on the pins, the log house does not shrink, and the gaps between the crowns increase.

After the log house is assembled, the protruding parts of the logs at the corners are cut to the mark, but not less than 200 mm from the corners to the ends. The ends of the logs are cut along vertical markings. Exposed grain ends dry faster than the middle portions of logs and may develop deep cracks. To avoid this, use acrylic varnish or PVA glue to cover the ends. Historically, clay and lime mortar were used for this purpose.
To create window and door openings, they do not always leave holes in the frame or make them deliberately smaller. Be sure to leave only an opening for entry into the log house. After the frame shrinks, the openings for windows and doors are cut to the required dimensions, taking into account the connection to the landing tenon.

Construction of the lower frame of a log house

The crown molding is closest to the ground; it receives more moisture from rain and snow. Therefore, it requires special attention. Waterproofing of the lower crown is made from rolled bitumen materials in two or three layers. The waterproofing layer is laid along the upper edge of the foundation under the lower crown, and should prevent the frame from getting wet from the foundation.

To make the frame crown, the thickest logs are taken. It is best to use wood species that are resistant to decay - oak or larch.

The logs in the crowns are at different horizontal levels, the difference is 0.5 of the log diameter. There are two ways to arrange the bottom crown.

The first method of installing the lower crown

Two logs are placed on the foundation, hewn at the bottom by 50 mm, so that the logs fit more tightly to the foundation. Under the logs, a sealing material is laid for waterproofing, the same as that which will be used for all subsequent crowns. The most commonly used fibers are jute fiber and tow. Traditionally – moss.

This installation method has a drawback - a large gap between the foundation and the logs located at the top of the crown. This gap is sealed with wood in the form of timber or halves of logs, or with bricks. It is possible when constructing the foundation formwork to make its opposite sides at different elevations, then there will be no gaps under the lower crown.

But this method has a significant advantage, since the logs are laid in one piece. And whole logs are the most durable.

The second method of arranging the lower crown

With this method of laying, there is no gap between the crown and the foundation, since the lower logs are hewn to the middle, and the upper ones - by 50 mm for a tight fit on the foundation.

In the corners, the logs of the frame crown are connected with corner notches, which are called “in the okhryap”.

Since the logs are being processed, measures must be taken to prevent rotting of the lower hewn sides adjacent to the foundation waterproofing. An antiseptic is needed here; it is applied in 4-5 layers with a brush or roller. Sometimes a board is laid under the crown molding. That's what they call it - a flashing board. Replacing this board if it rots is much easier than crown logs. Using jacks, they lift the frame and replace the old board with a new one. The lining board has a width of 250-300 mm and a thickness of 50 - 80 mm. For its production, wood species that are resistant to decay are used - oak or larch. A thorough antiseptic treatment is carried out, or, as an option, it is kept in used motor oil (exhaustion). It is impossible to antisepticize wood, especially undried wood, using bitumen and mastics. Due to the capillary structure of wood, it rots very quickly if the capillaries are clogged with resins or bitumen. Wrapping it in rolled waterproofing material gives the same effect.

Cover crown in frame construction

Frame or half-timbered houses came to us from Europe and immediately proved themselves to be the best. The walls of the building consist of a frame and filler, which is used as aerated concrete, any light blocks, glass, brick and anything else. But for the frame, laminated veneer lumber is best suited. It is stronger than natural wood timber and is not subject to rotting or deformation.

Laying the first row of timber

The first crown of timber is constructed in a certain sequence:

the top of the base is leveled to a level, then roofing material is spread in at least two layers on bitumen mastic; for greater confidence, it is necessary to lay at least one layer of glass insulation;
further, a substrate of boards or slats of small thickness impregnated with an antiseptic composition is laid over the waterproofing; this procedure is performed to additionally protect the walls, and it also prevents the lower beam from coming into contact with the foundation;
checking horizontality with a building level;
preparing timber for the installation of the first crown of the foundation: cutting according to the longitudinal and transverse dimensions of the base, coating the space between the beams with diluted bitumen mastic to protect against rotting and fungus;
The timber is installed around the perimeter of the foundation with strict adherence to horizontal level.

Why did you choose a log house?

Wooden baths are no longer a simple tribute to our traditions. At a dacha, a wooden building will decorate the area; in a private house, a bathhouse will become a highlight and a place where you can relax from the noisy city and dust. The heat capacity of wood and its durability, proven over the years, have made the material indispensable for the construction of a log bathhouse.

It is necessary to choose only high-quality, non-rotten logs for the log house.

When building a log bathhouse, logs of the same diameter from 20 cm are taken. It is important that the log is even along its entire length; narrowing will cause difficulties during installation and the structure will be aesthetically unattractive. Of course, if we are not talking about designer baths, where different logs can be used, for example, as in the photo:

An unusual bathhouse made of logs of different diameters.

When choosing logs, pay attention to their surface. The material must be free of knots, smooth and free from rot or mold. Sellers often claim that blued wood can be easily bleached with special preparations. You should not take such material, darkening is the first sign of the development of microorganisms inside: fungus or mold. Such a bathhouse will not last long and you will regret the wasted effort and time.

Among the main advantages of the log house are:

high heat-saving indicators;
availability of materials;
aesthetic appearance;
environmental friendliness;
affordable price.

When choosing wood for a log house, give preference to durable types. Price is also an important factor. Price/quality ratio is important for any developer. Spruce and pine are more suitable for this criterion. The diameter of the log is selected depending on the region and how the bathhouse will be used (all year round or seasonally). Logs with a diameter of 20–26 cm are optimal. The material must be healthy and of the correct shape, without bends or knots. Only after purchasing materials can you begin building the log house.

How to prepare the foundation for laying a log frame?

Improper preparation of the foundation for a log house will lead to premature rotting of the lower crown and the service life of the bathhouse will be reduced several times. The main preparation of the foundation is its waterproofing.

The foundation must be waterproofed before tying, as in the diagram.

Preparation is carried out depending on the type of foundation. The filler tape or monolithic must stand. Full ripening occurs in 7 days, but it will be more effective to let the foundation stand for at least six months.

When installing the foundation, the following indicators are taken into account:

groundwater level;
type of soil on the site;
load from the structure;
depth of soil freezing, etc.

You can install a log house on a foundation using various technologies. The choice depends on what material the frame is made of (timber or log). The walls made of logs are shifted longitudinally and transversely by ½ of the diameter of the log, the timber is laid without displacement. The foundation under a log house can have different heights or be laid with a special layer of boards on both sides of the structure.

Before laying, the foundation base must be leveled. Take a cement mortar and apply a thin layer of 1–3 cm. We recommend applying a very thin layer (4 mm) of cement paste on top and carefully smooth the surface. The operation will make it possible to increase the stability of the log house and the tightness of the lower crown will be higher. If the unevenness on the foundation is small (less than 1 cm), then there is no point in leveling. When the cement dries, it will flake off and crumble.

The foundation walls can be coated with liquid bitumen mastic or penetrating waterproofing, for example, liquid glass. The base is covered with two layers of roofing felt. When the base is less than 20 cm, three layers of roofing material can be laid. Since wood is hygroscopic, it is necessary to protect the lower crown from moisture. The roofing material should hang down from the edges by 1–2 cm. The material is laid with an overlap of 10–15 cm. It is advisable that the overlap of the first layer does not coincide with the second. So, the protection will be more effective. Before work, the lower crown must be impregnated with protective antiseptics and covered with bitumen mastic or liquid glass.

Installation of a log house on the foundation

A layer of hemp or tow is laid on top of the laid lining boards, on which the first row of logs is installed - the frame crown. On top of it, you need to once again lay out a heat-insulating layer of tow, felt or hemp (in the old days, dried moss was used). It is extremely important to fill all grooves and surfaces tightly to avoid voids and cracks.

After these operations, the actual assembly of the house begins. To do this, the logs must be aligned with the marks applied to them, which were applied after the initial log assembly. That is, the log house is assembled, each log is marked with special signs and then dismantled. They place it again on the already prepared foundation. The marks can be as varied as the master wishes. They usually look like this: S-1, V-5, Yu-38. The letters represent the cardinal directions: north, south, west and east. And the number means the serial number of the log in the wall below. Moreover, the connection to the cardinal directions is completely arbitrary; south denotes the front side of the house, north the back side, east the right side, and west the left side.

A second one is placed on the frame crown, into which logs are cut from the inside; they will serve as the basis for the future floor of the room. The following crowns are often divided into 3 parts, window-sill, window and above-window, depending on their location relative to the windows.

The log house needs to drain sediment, and for this, a groove is created on the outside of the frame crown, into which the drain board is inserted. It should protrude beyond the border of the base by about 5 cm. It is usually made from a wooden board, but it is quite possible to use a sheet of stainless metal or plastic.

How to put a log bathhouse on the foundation: a step-by-step description of the work

When the base is prepared, you can begin laying the frame. The work is carried out in stages. Moreover, each stage must be performed in compliance with all the rules; remember, wood is a living material and requires attention and accuracy.

Laying the boards

It is necessary to lay special boards before laying the first crown. They are placed directly on the waterproofing layer. Each board is first impregnated with bitumen mastic; you can use simple bitumen or resin. But working with the latter is more difficult and unsafe, since hot bitumen and resin have a temperature above 100 0. Work is done with protective gloves and a mask.

You need to lay the boards under the trim according to the diagram.

The laying of boards is needed to properly distribute the load from the log house onto the foundation and to make the gap between the lining log and the foundation more airtight.

Boards are chosen of a suitable size, so for a width of 20–30 cm, the thickness of the material should be at least 40 mm. The gasket is laid not only along the foundation, if the frame is made of logs, then also between the transverse and longitudinal walls. In this case, the boards are joined as close as possible, since they will additionally protect the bathhouse from cold air from below.

When the boards are laid, begin laying the bottom log.

Installation of a log house on the foundation

When the foundation is prepared, tow or hemp is laid out on the backing boards, after which the frame crown is installed, which must be compacted. To do this, use material with thermal insulation properties, for example, tow, felt, hemp or moss. For more reliable thermal insulation of the sauna, it is important to ensure that the seal is laid evenly and does not have breaks.

The installation of the bathhouse frame is carried out on a layer of sealing material. In order for the process to be carried out as accurately as possible, it is necessary to be guided by the marks on the logs that were applied to them during the preparation of the log house. The installation of a log house should begin with a crown, which is assembled into half a tree, and then the logs can be laid on dowels by ligating with a root tenon or in the same way as the first crown - in half a tree.

When building a bathhouse, like other buildings, it is necessary to take care of sediment drainage. To do this, when installing the log house on the foundation, select a groove on the outside of the log in the second crown or frame and insert a drain board into it. Supports are installed under the board in the form of a block or board with beveled edges. There should be a distance of at least 5 cm between the edge of the base and the edge of the drain board. Instead of a board, you can also use a sheet of plastic or iron.

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