How cesspool ventilation works, solutions to the problem of unpleasant odors

During the processing of liquid household waste, by-product gases may be formed, which, when released into residential premises, significantly reduce the level of comfort. To eliminate this problem, any sewer system must be equipped with ventilation. The hood can be installed in several places. One option is direct installation in a cesspool. In this article we will talk about how to properly ventilate a cesspool, and when it should be done.

As a rule, gases are removed from the sewer system by installing a drain pipe, the head of which is located above the roof and is the highest point of the autonomous sewer network. In addition to removing unpleasant odors, such ventilation balances the pressure inside the pipeline, normalizing the operation of the system.

Important! Wastewater treatment processes not only cause unpleasant odors, but also the formation of methane. Excessive accumulation of gas can lead to poisoning of residents and even a fire.

Option for removing sewer gases through a ventilation cap

In the absence of such a design, ventilation of the network must be carried out through a cesspool. Its volume is conventionally divided into two zones - above and below the point of entry of the sewer pipe. If the inlet is located at a distance of more than 1.5 m from the ground surface, then an exhaust hood should be installed in the cesspool even if there is a ventilation head in the house.

Ventilation passage design

Let's consider the features of forced ventilation. When installing it, the usual cover is replaced with an inspection hatch. In such a hatch it is possible to arrange an air window. This hole not only acts as an outlet for exhaust gas, but also ensures constant circulation of fresh air. This is extremely important for the normal course of fermentation processes.

An additional hole for the ventilation pipe is installed at the top of the cesspool. Experts recommend choosing communications made of plastic - they are more resistant to constant exposure to aggressive environments and have a long service life.

A fan is connected to the base of the pipe in the pit. You can use a regular deflector with protective caps or buy a special device for the cesspool. To connect to the network, an additional electrical wire is laid into the drain tank, which is directly connected to the fan contacts.

Natural ventilation uses pipes that are installed directly on the cesspool cover. The length of such a pipe can be different - it depends on the desired efficiency of the system. But the depth is strictly standardized - the pipe is installed in the drain 20 cm above the maximum fill level of the tank.

Controlling the filtration rate on clay soils

In hard soils (especially clayey ones), the opposite problem arises - water from the cesspool does not drain into them. This situation can cause premature overflow of the sewage pit. This will cause unpleasant odors throughout the private home. If the water in the drainage pit does not drain, it is recommended to take a number of measures to additionally drain sewage:

We create drainage holes at the bottom of the hole. The degree of drainage depends on the depth of the holes made.
We insert perforated pipes into the holes so that part of the pipe remains above the surface of the bottom of the drainage hole.
The upper part of the pipe is closed with a special plug.

The second way to increase the level of filtration is to equip a drain pit without a bottom with an overflow system. It is difficult to make such a device, but it is the most effective option for solving the problem of excess wastewater.

The technology of an eternal cesspool consists of connecting an overflow to the sewerage system.

The overflow is arranged as follows:

An additional drainage well is being constructed in the immediate vicinity according to the principle of the main one.
They are connected to each other by a trench at a slope into which the sewer pipe is laid.
The end of the connecting sewer pipe in the main pit is adjacent above, and to the additional one below.

It is worth noting that soil properties change at different times of the year. The cesspool is carefully insulated in winter to prevent freezing of the walls and bottom.

Choosing a pipe for ventilation

Ventilating a cesspool is easy to do with your own hands. The first thing you need to do is calculate the required diameter of the air window or ventilation pipe. According to sanitary standards, the air exchange rate in a cesspool must be at least 80 m 3 / hour. To ensure the required level of exchange, it is recommended to use pipes with a diameter of at least 110 mm. To check the correctness of the selected diameter, you can use the formula:

Formula for calculating the required air exchange

Please note that all obtained figures must be rounded up. The required length is selected according to the table and individual needs.

When choosing the height of the ventilation pipe, consider the following:

Ventilation pipe design and outlet

The simplest ventilation of a cesspool consists of raising a pipe to the top through which methane and other vapors escape to the outside. The height of the ventilation pipe for the sewerage is 1.4 meters above the roof level. The total height of the ventilation pipe should not be less than 3 meters. A simple vertical arrangement is desirable.

The ventilation pipe is placed at the top of the cesspool. The minimum distance to the highest level of drains should be at least 50 cm. You can take a plastic sewer pipe with a diameter of 11 cm to ensure maximum free air flow.

The top of the pipe is covered with a tin cone to protect it from rain and wind, and along the perimeter of the upper part of the ventilation pipe there are holes for a primitive deflector, ensuring the free escape of gases in any weather. The deflector protects the flow of gases coming from the pipe from gusts of wind and improves draft. It turns out to be a kind of blower that helps improve air circulation in the ventilation system.

To remove unpleasant odors from the toilet, you need to install an additional ventilation pipe to ensure air circulation directly in the toilet stall.

How to ventilate a cesspool

Natural ventilation does not require a special approach. To arrange it, an additional hole is made in the inspection hatch for the fan pipe. A pipe of the required diameter is inserted into it. Its upper and lower parts are protected by lathing and special cone-lids. The higher the pipe, the more intense the air exchange will occur.

To install a cesspool ventilation system with your own hands, you will need special tools and materials to construct the system. These are fasteners (steel screws of the required size), a knife for cutting a pipe or a grinder with a special disk, a hammer drill for making a hole in the cesspool, a level, and a construction tape measure.

Step-by-step instructions on how to ventilate a cesspool yourself:

Twice a year, the ventilation system is cleaned of debris and inspected for breakdowns. The fan needs to be checked especially carefully. Small particles of solid waste may collect on its blades, which will reduce the efficiency of the entire air exhaust system.

Video: example of ventilation in a country toilet

Let's talk about the significant aspects of a proper country toilet, the most important thing in which is the most effective ventilation. A toilet in a private home, as you know, is not a luxury, but a direct necessity. When building a toilet on your site outside the city, do not miss the moment when it is necessary to ventilate the cesspool and the toilet cabin itself. True, if you still forgot about it, this oversight can be corrected if you make several holes yourself, providing at least minimal ventilation to the country toilet.

How to make ventilation

Before starting work, you should prepare the necessary tools:

bayonet shovel;
drill - if the walls of the booth are wooden;
hammer drill - if the walls are brick;
hacksaw for metal;
roulette;
level;
self-tapping screws

DIY cesspool ventilation system

Using a bayonet shovel, a hole is dug above the hole, the diameter of which should be slightly larger than the size of the pipe. Such a hole should be made near the rear wall of the cabin so that the pipe can be conveniently secured with clamps. Lower the pipe into the hole to a depth that is less than the maximum fill mark. That is, so that no waste gets into the ventilation shaft.

Using fasteners and clamps, the pipe is fixed to the wall of the booth. It is buried underneath with earth. A deflector or umbrella is placed on top.

The advantage of the deflector is that this device can increase thrust by up to 30% due to wind power. Therefore, if possible, you should give preference to a deflector rather than a regular umbrella, which only protects from precipitation.

This simple DIY cesspool ventilation design will help prevent unpleasant odors in the toilet. If the cabin is not made airtight, there are cracks, openings, windows that open, and the toilet bowl or seat has a tight lid, then only a hood from the pit will be enough. But, in this case, a slight unpleasant odor will still be present. If there is a need to get rid of it, then you should start installing a ventilation system inside the cabin.

Do-it-yourself ventilation in the toilet stall

Sequencing:

On top, along the back wall of the toilet, a round hole is made to match the diameter of the prepared plastic pipe. It should be as high as possible, but at a distance of at least 15 cm from the roof level. The hole is made using a drill or hammer drill;
a corner pipe is installed in the resulting opening;
the cracks are filled with polyurethane foam;
the main part of the pipe is attached to the corner element;
using clamps and fasteners, the pipe is fixed to the external wall of the toilet;
put an umbrella or deflector on top;
inside, the excess part of the pipe is cut off and covered with a decorative ventilation grille.

The next step is to make a hole at the bottom to ensure the flow of cold air:

using a drill or hammer drill, drill a hole in the bottom of the wall, at a distance of 20–30 cm from the floor. It is better to choose the opposite wall, the one in which the pipe is installed;
two decorative grilles are installed using self-tapping screws or other fasteners.

This is the final stage - the ventilation in the country toilet is ready.

If during the cold season it blows strongly from the lower hole, you can close it with a barrier.

Country toilet: ventilation in the pit

In a house with an autonomous sewage system, as a rule, both cesspool ventilation and septic tank ventilation should be installed. Moreover, the ventilation pipe should be inserted into the storage tank in such a way that its lower end is 20-30 cm above its filling level. If the issue of pit ventilation has been resolved, an unpleasant odor may still accumulate in the cabin due to the fact that the room is not airtight, the lid does not close tightly, or for other reasons. This often happens if the toilet is not built professionally. To get rid of bad smells, there is a backup ventilation option made directly in the toilet cubicle.

External ventilation

If a ventilation system was not provided for during the construction of the house, then you need to look for options on how to get rid of the unpleasant odor in a finished, habitable building. There are three most common ways to ventilate a cesspool:

installation of a ventilation duct along the outer wall of the building;
ventilation of the cesspool itself;
attaching the ventilation pipe to the fence.

Advice! If a ventilation pipe is installed, it should not be located under the roof overhang, as there is a risk that in winter the snow that comes off the roof can damage the structure.

Country toilet: ventilation in the cabin

Ventilation of a toilet in a country house will require plastic sewer pipes about three meters long and 110 mm in diameter, a connecting angle of 90 degrees, a rain umbrella, a ventilation grille and clamps. Using a metal cutting bit, a hole is drilled in the wall of the toilet with a sufficiently large diameter (120-130 mm) , then a place for the hood is marked in the upper part of the cabin, a bit is attached to the drill and a second hole is drilled.

The pipes must be connected by a transition corner. The structure is inserted into the hole, and all excess is cut off from a short piece of pipe. Next, the assembled ventilation structure for the toilet in the country is attached to the wall with connecting clamps, and an umbrella is put on to protect it from precipitation. You can check the verticality of the resulting ventilation system for a country toilet using a building level. To complete the work, two self-tapping screws are screwed in to install the ventilation grille indoors. If there is a problem such as a gap between the pipe and the wall, then fill it with foam or seal it with sealant.

Sump ventilation is the process of removing waste gases. Accumulating in the tank, they become potentially dangerous, as they can cause poisoning. Today we will tell you about the correct design of such a system.

In what cases is a pit needed?

The construction of a cesspool or a simple septic tank is practiced when living in a summer cottage, there is a small amount of waste, or when electricity is unavailable.

In a country house, proper ventilation of the cesspool, which is located directly next to the country toilet, is extremely important for the health of the family. High concentrations of gases that occur during the natural decomposition of fecal matter can be harmful. First of all, this relates to the increased methane content. Toxic fumes contaminate the surrounding area, corrosive masses corrode not only mucous membranes, but also wood, and sometimes even plastics. It is this fact that explains the removal of the country toilet into the yard, so as not to poison the air in the house with fumes.

The need for cesspool ventilation

First you need to decide whether ventilation of the cesspool is needed at all. Typically, gases are removed from the sewer network through a drain pipe located in the house. Its head rises above the roof as the highest point of the drainage system. Such ventilation, in addition to isolating unpleasant odors, stabilizes the pressure in the sewer line, normalizing its operation.

If there is no drain pipe, the network is ventilated through a cesspool. The sewerage inlet can be located at a depth of up to 1.5 m and more than 1.5 m from the ground level outside. In the second case, exhaust hood must be done in the drainage pit, even if there is a drain pipe running through the house.

There are two types of removing gases from the sewer:

Natural ventilation
. This is natural air exchange, determined by physical laws. The movement of air according to this scheme is carried out due to the difference in its pressure in the cesspool, where it is higher, and on the ground surface. This kind of ventilation is the simplest to implement, but it is difficult to call it effective. After all, the gas, which is naturally released outside, can easily spread throughout the dacha, causing discomfort to its inhabitants with its smell.
Forced ventilation
. It is carried out using pipes and fans installed in a closed drain pit. The system's air ducts can be connected to a fan outlet. Then the problem of sewer odors is completely solved. Forced ventilation is more expensive, but much more effective. Its organization requires engineering calculations, which determine the diameter of the air ducts, their length and the required fan power.

To organize natural ventilation

The drainage hole uses an air duct that is equipped with the tank lid. Most often this is a plastic pipe; the material it is made of is the most resistant to any aggressive environment. The height of the outer part of the pipe above the cover can be any. This depends on the required ventilation efficiency. The depth of the bottom of the pipe in the tank is strictly standardized. Its lower end should be located 200 mm above the normal filling level of the tank.

When using forced ventilation

The sump cover is an inspection hatch equipped with a hole. With its help, gas is removed and fresh air enters the tank, which is extremely necessary for normal waste processing. To install the ventilation pipe, there is another hole made in the upper part of the container. An exhaust fan is connected to the bottom of the pipe, located in the pit, using an electrical cable.

Why is ventilation needed in a cesspool?

Pit ventilation prevents bad odors from entering the house and spreading to the streets. This is one of the first and important functions it performs. It also stabilizes the pressure inside the pipes, because when draining there is not enough air in them, and therefore it enters independently through ventilation. If it does not function properly, this air will be taken from the drain holes. And because of this, a bad aroma may appear in the house.

An unpleasant odor is a signal of a ventilation malfunction

So, improper operation of ventilation can disrupt the entire system and lead to irreversible consequences. Therefore, if you smell an unpleasant odor, immediately look for the cause and eliminate it.

Features of sewer pit ventilation design

When doing the work yourself, the first thing to calculate is the diameter of the ventilation pipe and air window

. According to the requirements of sanitary standards, air exchange during ventilation of the drainage pit must occur at a speed of at least 80 m 3 /hour. This level can be achieved when using pipes with a diameter of 110 mm or more. There are special formulas for selecting the diameter, and tables for determining the length of air ducts. All calculated indicators must be rounded towards a higher value.

When determining the height of the pipe for removing gases from the cesspool, several rules should be taken into account:

The height of the waste tank air duct must be the same length as the drain pipe. If this condition is violated due to different pressures of the suction flows, odors from the container can penetrate into the home.
If there is a stove in the house, it is important to place the chimney and ventilation pipe at the same level. Otherwise, smoke may enter the pit, interfering with the fermentation process of waste in it.
If there is no vent pipe, the air duct should be raised above the roof by at least 1 m. During installation, the wind conditions of the region must be taken into account. If storms occur frequently there, the outlet must be further strengthened.

How to install natural ventilation for a cesspool

It is quite simple to make natural ventilation of the cesspool, since air exchange will be carried out due to a vertical pipe installed at the rear wall of the toilet cubicle.

So where to start:

It is best to choose PVC pipe, since this material is resistant to aggressive environments. The diameter of the pipe must be at least 110 mm and the upper part must rise above the roof of the toilet stall by at least 700 mm;
This is what a PVC pipe for ventilation looks like
the pipe is installed in such a way that its lower part is not at the maximum filling level of the pit;
streams air will arise due to the formation between the pipe and hole in the toilet;
The location of the ventilation pipe should not be too high
It is also necessary to take into account that in winter, moisture may appear on the surface of the pipe, which subsequently freezes and leads to a decrease in the diameter of the pipe. This results in a decrease in the volume of passing air, so it is better to give preference to a deflector design, a model with a weather vane function, which will increase the speed of air flow.
This is what the design of the ventilation deflector looks like

Device for natural ventilation of a cesspool

To create a system that uses natural air exchange in the cesspool, you will need two pipes with a diameter of 110 and 50 mm. Both are installed vertically. The bottom of the first pipe is always in the sump. The above-ground part of the air duct should rise 2 m relative to the ground surface. The length of the ventilation outlet can be increased by connecting a sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm to it. This will also help in saving money for private buildings.

To install natural ventilation for a cesspool in a private house, the ceiling of the structure must be provided with a hole. Its diameter should be slightly larger than the size of the air duct. When installing the ventilation pipe into the prepared hole, you should ensure that the end of the lower pipe is no lower than 20 cm from the maximum level of waste liquid.

The outer part of the duct can be secured in different ways. If the cesspool is located under a yard toilet, fastening can be done with clamps to its wall. In other cases, ventilation can be laid underground and then brought out with a pipe for mounting on a fence or on the wall of a building.

Important! The outlet of the air duct fixed to the wall must be located at least 0.7 m above the roof of the house. The joint at the point where the air duct exits the cesspool must be sealed with any moisture-resistant compound that can withstand temperature changes.

Why is cesspool ventilation needed, and what types does it come in?

Ventilation of a cesspool in a private house must be mandatory, since its absence leads to the spread of unpleasant, pungent odors, which significantly reduce the level of comfort of staying on the premises.

In addition, ventilation above the sewer cesspool will prevent the negative and destructive effects of sewage vapors on the wood from which the toilet cubicle was created.

And this will significantly increase the service life of the structure itself.

In general, when building a country toilet, it is better to provide a separate location for the toilet itself and the cesspool, connecting these two structures with a regular sewer pipe having a large cross-section.

Thus, using a tee, you can directly connect the outlet of the ventilation pipe to the sewer pipe.

Sump ventilation diagram

When equipping a cesspool, you should understand that the pit will have to be pumped out of the contents, that is, once every 1-2 years you will have to spend money on the services of a sewer truck.

In any case, ventilation in a toilet with a cesspool can be installed in two main ways, in particular:

natural ventilation, where air exchange is carried out due to increased pressure above the pit;
Natural ventilation scheme
forced, where air exchange occurs due to specially installed fans connected to the mains.
Forced ventilation scheme

It is worth considering in more detail the installation of ventilation of both options.

How to make forced ventilation of a drainage pit?

To organize such ventilation in the cesspool, you will need to connect a fan to the base of the pipe. Its characteristics are selected taking into account the volume of the tank.

The fan model must be selected according to its performance. An air exchange rate of at least 80 m 3 /hour, provided for by sanitary standards, can be achieved by devices with a power starting from 30 W. The dimensions of the selected device are very important, because it is installed inside the air duct. The dimensions of the mechanism must match the diameter of the air outlet.

When organizing ventilation of a cesspool made of concrete rings, you should adhere to the following recommendations:

Installation of the air duct is carried out according to the principle of natural ventilation, with the exception of one point: the bottom of the pipe must be under the ceiling.
The selected duct-type fan is installed at the lower end of the pipe and secured with self-tapping screws. When using self-tapping screws, it is necessary to ensure that such fastening does not cling to the impeller blades.
Electricity can be supplied to the drainage pit underground or through the air. To implement the first method, you need to dig a trench into which the cable is then laid. The depth of the trench, according to GOST, must be at least 0.7 m. To protect the cable from groundwater, a steel or PVC pipe should be used. The air method involves external cable laying. It uses a metal cable to secure the cable by winding.
To automate the process of turning the fan on or off, you can use a time relay. Its settings take into account the operating features of the home sewage system.
It is recommended to inspect the cesspool ventilation system a couple of times a year. Particular attention should be paid to the fan impeller blades, as solid deposits may accumulate on them.

Advice! When installing a fan, it is necessary to correctly determine where the air flow is moving. Its direction should be upward, but not vice versa.

In addition to the above material, we will give some tips.

When organizing ventilation of the cesspool, it is recommended to avoid rarefaction of the air in the tank. If in a backyard toilet a ventilated area is formed between the tank and the air duct, then it is recommended to install a supply pipe in a closed container. Two openings for air supply and exhaust are usually located at opposite corners of the drain pit. The exhaust opening is always located above the supply opening.

Moisture that appears on the surface of the ventilation pipe can freeze in winter, reducing the permeability of the channel and thereby reducing the intensity of air flow. To eliminate this problem, the upper hole of the pipe must be equipped with a deflector. It will speed up air movement and protect the channel from street debris.

The most rational option is to ventilate the cesspool when installing an autonomous sewer system. Then you will not have to change the existing system and it will be easier to choose a convenient place to install the exhaust pipe.

As for the type of ventilation of the drainage pit, forced air exchange is not always necessary. Some settling tanks make do with natural ventilation. The final conclusion on this issue can be given by relevant specialists after familiarizing themselves with the operating conditions of the network on site.

How to make ventilation in a cesspool - watch the video:

After installing ventilation for a cesspool in a private house, it is important to ensure that the tank does not overfill and the air channel is not blocked by waste. In addition, you need to monitor the air flow of the fan pipe. To enable preventive maintenance and repairs, it is worthwhile to provide for the installation of inspection hatches in the ventilation system.

Many people imagine an outdoor toilet as a small cubicle with a persistent unpleasant odor. Most often, a hood in a country toilet is not common, but, taking into account the requirements of comfort and hygiene, most summer residents strive to equip a toilet in the country no worse than in the apartment. A hood will help to cope with the issue of air ventilation in the bathroom.

Any construction of a summer house must begin with the construction of a toilet, and despite the fact that this construction is simple, the toilet project must be taken seriously.

How to prevent the stench from spreading from a cesspool

Naturally, you can’t do without cleaning the tank. But it is quite possible to reduce the number of these unpleasant events.

The gases that are formed during the rotting and fermentation of sewage are harmful to the human body. A person’s reaction to an unpleasant odor did not just happen. We try to avoid stench because it is dangerous to health. This is why installing a ventilation system is such an important procedure.

Special biological preparations designed for cleaning autonomous sewers can help in eliminating the stench. They are sold mainly in liquid form, but are also available in powder form.

Using them:

100% security is ensured;
fast action;
high efficiency;
maintaining environmental balance;
ease of use.

Special microorganisms discharged into the collection process process organic waste. After such processing of solid waste, only twenty percent remains, and the smell will disappear almost completely.

There are also products on sale that contain the strongest bacteria. They are capable of decomposing even chemical detergents, as well as paper and various nitrate compounds. After their work, heat is released, and the stench disappears due to this.

Now the question of whether ventilation is needed in the cesspool of a country house will not arise. Clearly, it is necessary. Although it is easy and simple to install, it performs very important functions. Therefore, its arrangement must be taken seriously.

How does a country toilet work?

To understand ventilation, you need to understand how a country toilet works. The standard toilet design is usually as follows:

Above, above the ground, is a cabin.
Below, underground, is a cesspool.

The most important thing in this situation is that methane eventually destroys the structure of the toilet and this becomes dangerous for human life. Over time, the structure may collapse on the person entering it. To avoid problems in the future, professionals recommend taking into account the need for ventilation at the design stage of a country toilet. Its presence will not allow gas to accumulate and destroy the structure.

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How does an outdoor toilet work?

The easiest way is to install a ventilation system at the stage of building a toilet. In an existing booth, it will be a little more difficult to equip ventilation.

The arrangement of a toilet in a country house is simple:

a cabin is built above the ground;
a cesspool is dug underground.

The simplest option is when the cesspool is located directly under the cabin. This is a common option and easy to build yourself. But toilets whose cabin is remote from the pit are becoming increasingly popular; a toilet can be installed in them, and waste disposal can be organized through pipes. This is a much more complex design, involving the supply of water supply and sewerage.

Types of outdoor toilets and ventilation methods

Toilet diagram: 1 - ventilation pipe (hood); 2 — seat on the toilet seat; 3 — cesspool hatch; 4 - bottom with a slope.

Country toilets are divided into two main types:

The cesspool is located directly under the toilet.
The pit is located near the toilet.

The first type of toilet design in a country house is the simplest and most common, since here the waste goes directly into the pit. But this design is not entirely suitable for frequent use. The second option is suitable if this is the main toilet. However, then it is necessary to think in advance about the option of running water in the country toilet or a suitable drainage method for this. After familiarizing yourself with the type of toilet, you need to decide which hood to use. Here are the two main types of air ventilation:

The natural way is for the air in the toilet stall to move on its own.
Forced method - air is moved using a fan.

To implement both types of hoods you need:

the presence of supply and exhaust ducts in the walls;
installation of an exhaust system over a cesspool.

The main thing is not to mount the fan into a pipe. Everything has now become clear with the hood in the pit; now we need to do the same in the booth. For this you will need:

Impact drill or hammer drill.
Ventilation grilles.

It is the cesspool that causes unpleasant odors in the cabin, since all the waste collects in it. They produce a specific gas - methane, which subsequently rises upward into the toilet stall. The result of such an accumulation of gas can be a deterioration in the well-being of the person in the booth.

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Features of the arrangement

The cesspool should not be located in close proximity to the house, and it can only be used if the volume of waste does not exceed one cubic meter per day.

To ensure that intrusive “odors” do not disturb you, the first thing you need to pay attention to is the tightness of the hatch that closes the container and, if this is an outdoor toilet, then the toilet seat cover must be attached without gaps. You can set up a simple ventilation system in an outdoor toilet using a simple PVC sewer pipe, the diameter of which is 10 cm. The pipe is attached to the back wall of the toilet. A hole is made in the floor, perhaps in the podium itself, the pipe is lowered into the hole by about 10 cm. The upper end of the pipe is brought out onto the roof of the toilet, at least 20 cm. The place where the ventilation pipe passes down must be insulated with tow, which was previously soaked in bitumen primer. The exit on the roof is also carefully closed either with a tin sheet, or simply treated with polyurethane foam or cemented with mortar.

Important! To create a powerful traction force and, accordingly, the desired ventilation effect, an attachment called a deflector is installed on the pipe!

If it is necessary to equip the ventilation of a cesspool in a private house directly without a toilet, then the principle of operation remains the same. Next to the hatch, a pipe or corrugation is inserted into the waste container. The length of the pipe is calculated from the distance to which the ventilation will be installed. An exhaust motor can be attached to the end of the pipe, then odors will not spread throughout the site, especially in the hot season.

Arrangement of ventilation in compliance with the above recommendations will prevent the accumulation of harmful gases and the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the toilet sector.

Forced and natural methods

Forced ventilation is more effective, as it removes unpleasant odors from the room much faster. But in this case, the owner will face material costs; it is necessary to purchase a fan, wires, and switches.

Features of the method:

rapid removal of large accumulations of methane;
no dependence on weather conditions;
more difficult to install the structure;
need for constant electricity;
the need for costs for the purchase of materials;
the need for periodic replacement of failing parts.

If you want to always have fresh and harmless air in the cabin, this option will be the most suitable. For those who are not particularly concerned about the cleanliness of the air in the toilet stall, the second option is suitable - a natural change. It is less effective, but no less reliable in removing methane from the cabin. In addition, the absence of additional equipment significantly reduces the cost of this method. Features of the method:

no costs for purchasing materials;
simple installation of ventilation;
low efficiency;
weather dependence.

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Ventilation installation

First of all, it is necessary to install an exhaust hood in the pit; it will exhaust the gas not into the toilet stall, but into the street.

The following materials and tools will help you make ventilation yourself:

Shovel.
The pipe is about 10-12 cm in diameter and the length depends on how deep the underground pit is and how high the cabin is.
Depending on the material of the cabin - an impact drill or a hammer drill.
Additional protective casing for laying pipes in the ground.
Deflector for better system performance.
Gutter fastenings.

The process of installing a hood in a country toilet is quite simple:

We dig a suitable hole in the cesspool.
We install fasteners along the entire height of the cabin.
Insert and secure the pipe.
Install the deflector.

One hole must be made on opposite sides of the booth. On one side near the ceiling there is an exhaust, on the other (closer to the floor) there is a supply. Then, to protect against insects and debris, we cover the holes with grates. To install this method of air circulation you will need:

Pliers and screwdriver.
Regular or impact drill.
Fan.
Atmospherically protected cables.
Switch.
Protective grille.

The most important point is the fan. A standard toilet has an area of about 2 m². A 30-watt fan is sufficient for this. So, first of all, you need to supply electricity using a cable. Then we make holes in the opposite walls. A fan must be attached to the exhaust vent and connected to electricity. Next, protective grilles are installed.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Landscaping of a summer cottage begins with the installation of a water supply and the construction of a sewerage system. In small areas with small country houses, a cubicle for a closet, which has a cesspool, is installed on the street. In this case, the problem of the appearance of an unpleasant odor from human waste often arises. True, you can take a number of measures to get rid of it.

When to clean a hole

During the operation of the cesspool, waste is formed in it in a liquid state, as well as in the form of fatty deposits that remain on the walls of the well. At the same time, they complicate cleaning the container and speed up its filling. The accumulation of household chemicals, food waste and feces causes harm to people living in the house and the environment.

Based on the presence of certain factors, the need for cleaning arises:

the presence of a bad odor;
layering of silt at the bottom of the well;
accumulation of insects above the drain hole;
slow outflow in plumbing fixtures connected to the waste pit.

Cesspool capacity up to 2 cubic meters. cleaned once every few years. At the same time, prevention methods also reduce the need for cleaning products.

Arrangement of a country bathroom

The standard design of an outdoor country toilet is a small building built from wood or bricks (more details: » «). It is installed above the cesspool. When using the toilet, the occurrence of a stench is inevitable, since so-called anaerobic processes, which are the decomposition of organic matter with the participation of natural bacteria, constantly occur in the sewage container. As a result, methane begins to be released - it is this that causes the unpleasant odor. The photo shows what a typical diagram of a country closet looks like (about

Sealing and ventilation of the toilet room

It is also advisable to seal the toilet area from the waste pit. The solution to eliminating unpleasant odors from sewers was found in 18th century England. This ingenious invention is called a water castle. At the moment, it is used everywhere and is included in the design of any toilet with rare exceptions.

For the water castle to function, it will require constant water renewal. That is, the installation of a full-flush toilet with a tank. This solution will allow you to completely get rid of the problem of unpleasant odor from the toilet, but will significantly increase the speed of filling the cesspool.

When installing a full-fledged, odorless flush toilet, you can think about installing a waste recycling system, installing a warm toilet in your home, and enjoy the level of comfort accepted in modern society.

Features of organizing ventilation in a country toilet

When designing a ventilation system, it is necessary to remember that the cause of the stench is the presence of a cesspool located under the cabin.
There are ways to prevent direct contact with the source of bad odors. For example, it is possible to install a bathroom structure at a distance from the pit. After installing a standard toilet model, it is connected with a plastic sewer pipe to a country septic tank or cesspool and at the same time a ventilation pipe is connected (read also: " ") using a tee. True, to implement this method, you need to supply water to the toilet to flush out sewage or manually pour it into the tank.

During a long stay at the dacha, such a bathroom is not entirely convenient to use. Therefore, the best choice is still the standard closet design, which involves moving waste into the pit without the use of various devices. You can make such a bathroom in a private house with your own hands without any special skills.

In this case, the ventilation of the country toilet can be:

natural type, when air exchange occurs as a result of the movement of air masses from the closet to the street;
forced type - unpleasant odor is effectively removed using a running fan.

Both methods have their disadvantages and advantages, but in any case, one of them must be used, since staying in the toilet without ventilation will be very uncomfortable. At the same time, the building itself will begin to deteriorate under the influence of methane, which is able to penetrate the pores and crevices of concrete and natural wood fibers. The choice of method is related to the financial side of the issue and the feasibility of its use.

Design and principle of operation of a cesspool

According to the Building Norms and Rules (SNiP), installing this type of sewer system is the easiest way. Due to the fact that a bottomless cesspool fills up quickly, construction is not recommended with a daily waste volume of more than 1 cubic meter. It is easy to make such a design:

We select the correct location in the local area, guided by sanitary and hygienic rules.
We dig a cesspool up to 2 meters deep. The parameters and shape of the well are selected individually: square, rectangular or round.
We apply a concrete layer to the walls, cover it with bricks or install a large-diameter concrete ring.
We dig a trench for sewer pipes with a gradual slope. After laying the wiring from the house and adjacent buildings, it is recommended to bury the sewer pipe to a depth of at least 1 meter, taking into account the highest point.
All that remains is to make the closure and start using the new sewer system.

To dig a hole for the sewer, use the services of an excavator, or if this is not possible, you can do it manually. Despite the fact that the “bottomless” technology, the walls of the well are equipped with concrete rings, due to the quality indicators of this product. Otherwise, you can do brickwork. The choice of sewer pipes plays an important role. PVC pipes are the best option for arranging a drainage system. Such eternal pipes will last hundreds of years.

A distinctive feature is that bottomless wells are quickly filled with sewage. But the liquid component seeps through the ground. The soil itself acts as a natural filter. Drain wells with accumulated solid waste are filled up. Subsequently, they will be treated with bacteria, which will allow them to be used as fertilizer.

If the drainage pit fills quickly and the wastewater is slowly filtered naturally, it is recommended to make holes in the walls of the concrete rings to create additional drainage areas.

If the water in the cesspool does not drain, it means that accumulations of silt have appeared at the bottom. When a cesspool has silted up, it is recommended to call a sewer truck to clean the walls and bottom of the pit. Otherwise, the drain well is covered with a layer of soil, and a new one is built nearby.

Forced ventilation of a toilet in the country

Forced ventilation of a country toilet is considered the most effective method, since stench vapors are removed quickly and in a timely manner.
Its essence lies in an integrated approach to the problem of air exchange in the toilet. Ventilating the closet cubicle with a ventilation device is a variant of forced ventilation. Each outdoor toilet has a small window. It serves not only for lighting, but also when installing a fan, it is assigned the function of ventilation. To do this, you will need to provide power to the booth.

The cable is usually suspended: when the toilet is located close to the house, it is best to run the wiring from the attic to the roof of the toilet structure. The electrical cable must be carefully insulated from possible exposure to moisture.

Choosing a fan for an outdoor toilet

Since the internal area of the toilet does not exceed 2 “squares”, a low-power window fan with a power of no more than 30 W, such as in the photo, will be sufficient.
If you plan to install it in a window, then a square model of the device will do. As for the parameters, they must correspond to the size of the window. When installing a fan requires making a hole in the wall, then the device is selected depending on the material from which the cabin is built. For brick closets it will be square, but for wooden structures it is more convenient to install round-shaped exhaust devices. After installation is completed, the device is connected to the mains and a test run is performed.

To ensure an increased flow of fresh air, an additional supply hole is made in the wall, the diameter of which must be no less than the internal cross-section of the device.

You need to know that forced ventilation cannot be installed in the cesspool, since there is not enough fresh air in its volume.
In the case when the device is installed in a vertical pipe leading into a pit, then during its operation a rarefied atmosphere is formed, which can only be compensated through the booth. Often, to prevent the smell from entering the building, the hole in the pit is closed with a lid, but this prevents the pressure from normalizing. The conclusion from the above is the following: the installation of forced ventilation is done in a cubicle and it cannot be equipped to ensure air exchange in the cesspool.

Installation of forced ventilation of a cesspool

If you are still wondering whether ventilation is needed in a cesspool, then the answer here is clear - of course, it is.

This is the only way you can avoid unpleasant and pungent odors in the area and at home, as well as prevent ammonia poisoning of the body.

Forced ventilation of the cesspool is more effective, but at the same time, the installation process itself is more labor-intensive.

It is also worth noting that such a ventilation system will only operate from the electrical network.

So, how the installation is performed, let's take a closer look at this process:

first of all, even at the planning stage of building a toilet, you need to provide a ventilation window in it, which will serve as a source of lighting and an opening for air flow;
Toilet ventilation windows
then the power supply should be connected to the toilet. The best option would be to create a suspended structure, where in the process of laying the power supply line it is worth using a cable that is protected from external influences, in particular from water;
Electrical connection to the toilet
then you need to choose a fan; for a small toilet it is better to use models with low power, 300 watts will be enough.
Exhaust fan, power 300 W

Possible slot design

Do not forget about one very important point: fans work in such a way that they expel air outside, so a vacuum can be created.

To avoid this, it is necessary to provide and make a special hole for air flow.

A wide gap between the threshold and the end of the door at the bottom will be sufficient.

Natural ventilation of a country toilet

To create normal air exchange in an outdoor toilet, you can use a cheaper method.
The natural ventilation system in the outdoor toilet is installed separately for the cesspool and for the stall. When natural ventilation is created in a country toilet, a technology is used that is in many ways similar to the installation of a ventilation device. Only air exchange will occur naturally between the input and output air channels.

To ventilate the cesspool, a vertical pipe is used; it is installed so that its lower part is not located at the maximum filling level of the container. Air flows arise as a draft is formed between the hole in the closet and the pipe.

To increase the speed of air movement, the diameter of the pipe should not be less than 11 centimeters, and its upper part should rise above the roof of the toilet by at least 7 centimeters. As a result, a draft of sufficient strength is formed to ensure timely removal of methane from the sump tank.

It is advisable to use a PVC pipe, since this material does not interact with aggressive environments. In addition, it is easy to install; a deflector is installed on the outer end, which will prevent water from freezing on the product. The best choice would be a model with a weather vane function, which will increase the speed of air flow due to a decrease in pressure from the wind at the outlet on the pipe.

Features of construction on light soils

The permeability of soil can vary greatly depending on its type. For example, light soils such as:

sandy;
peaty;
loess

They pass water perfectly, sometimes even too well. If wastewater enters the ground too quickly, it simply will not have time to be cleaned. As a result, groundwater contamination may occur, that is, the water that comes from a well or from a well for the needs of the residents of the house.

This problem can be solved by concreting not only the walls of the cesspool, but also part of its bottom. In this way, the rate of flow of wastewater into the ground can be significantly slowed down.

Tip: If it later turns out that the wastewater leaves the storage tank too slowly, you can arrange additional drainage by simply punching one or more holes in the concrete layer.

Required tools and materials

Before you begin arranging ventilation, you need to analyze the condition of the bathroom - what materials it is built from, what is the thickness of the walls and the location of the cabin relative to the cesspool.
After this, tools and components for installation work are selected. Forced ventilation device

. This method is labor intensive.

The following materials will be required:

plastic 110 mm pipe - one linear meter;
internal lathing for the inlet air channel, preventing debris from entering the room through the pipe - 1 piece;
protective steel shell with an internal diameter of 110 mm - 1 piece. Protects the pipe surface from mechanical damage in the event of shrinkage of the building;
fan – 1 piece;
electric wire and switch.

When installing forced ventilation in a country toilet, the following tools and fasteners are needed:

if the walls are made of wood, then a drill, and when they are made of brick, a hammer drill;
hacksaw for metal;
screws, sealant;
roulette, level;
electrical tape and pliers for installing the fan and connecting it.

Device for natural ventilation of a cesspool
.

Materials, tools and components you need to purchase:

110mm PVC pipe. Its length is determined based on the size of the toilet and the highest level of filling of the pit;
deflector - its mounting diameter must match the parameters of the pipe;
bayonet shovel;
fasteners - clamps with dowels to attach the pipe to the outer wall of the closet.

Types of cesspools

For construction you can use:

Brick or stone.

From rings of concrete

Metal (sheets or barrel).

From car tires

The last option is the most common due to the low cost of the material and the relative ease of installation. It will only be cheaper to use old tires, which are worth nothing at all. It is not recommended to use other building materials. The moisture resistance of the walls is extremely important here. And if you look at the characteristics, as well as the pros and cons of gas silicate blocks or wood, you can clearly see that they are definitely not suitable for this work.

From wooden formwork based on boards

Two types of cesspools are assembled from concrete rings:

In the form of wells with a filter of stone and sand at the bottom;

In the form of sealed storage tanks (the rings are installed on the reinforced concrete bottom).

It is recommended to choose the first variety only if the groundwater is not high and the soils themselves are not clayey. If the groundwater level is high, the runoff will go into the soil too slowly. Plus, the risk of contamination of aquifers will sharply increase. And in the case of a device on clay, wastewater simply cannot leak anywhere at all.

Usually there is only one such sewer well on a personal plot. However, the option of constructing an overflow cesspool is also possible. This design involves the installation of two tanks, which are connected to each other by an overflow pipe.

Independent ventilation arrangement

First of all, the ventilation device is installed in the booth.
Unnecessary items are removed from the building premises. In the event that there is not enough natural light to carry out work in proper conditions, a temporary lamp is installed. Cabin ventilation

. The exhaust duct is located as close as possible to the hole directed to the cesspool. The installation height should be maximum, but the distance from the ceiling to the upper end of the pipe cannot be less than 150 millimeters. The channel providing fresh air is located in the wall, in its lower part. It should be installed at a minimum height from the floor level. It is necessary that the distance between the two holes be maximum, so they are placed on opposite walls of the bathroom.

To quickly make a hole, it is better to first outline its contours and drill according to the markings, and then knock the resulting workpiece out of the wall, applying force. Then a protective shell is installed in the supply part, inside which a plastic pipe with a sheathing is placed. The edges are treated with sealant for plastic pipes.

The ventilation hole located at the top is made using a similar technology.
If the fan is mounted in a window, its dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the frame. When the device is installed, it is connected to the switch and power supply. Installation of a cesspool pipe

. Initially, calculate the required length of the ventilation pipe, and if it is necessary to cut off an extra piece of the product, use a hacksaw. Use a shovel to dig a small hole in front of the cesspool.

The pipe should be located behind the rear wall of the booth. Holes for dowels are prepared on it. The clamps are disassembled, and the parts with screws are mounted on the rear wall of the building.

Then a deflector is put on the pipe, which is placed in the hole leading into the pit, and fixed with clamps on the walls of the closet.
The place where the pipe enters the ground is covered with sand and compacted. At this point, the installation of ventilation in the country toilet can be considered complete. If you strictly adhere to technology when carrying out work, then you will get an effective system, and the smell from the ventilation in the toilet will not bother summer residents vacationing outside the city. In addition, the building will be protected from the negative effects of gases resulting from the presence of human waste in the pit.

Cesspool without pumping

Conventional cesspools have to be pumped out periodically. This is quite a troublesome and costly matter. The question arises: is it possible to arrange a cesspool in such a way that it does not have to be pumped out or pumping is required no more often than once every few years? Experience shows that a cesspool without pumping is a reality. But to construct such a cesspool, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of the soil and the volume of wastewater. Wastewater is water containing suspended solids and feces. The design of cesspools without pumping allows water to escape from the drains into the ground, while solid particles and feces remain in the pit itself.

However, a number of problems arise when constructing such pits, which are quite feasible to solve. First of all, it is controlling the degree of filtration of wastewater. If the soil on the site is sandy, loess or peaty, then its degree of water permeability is very high. In this case, wastewater in large quantities reaches the groundwater level at one time. The degree of natural filtration of water when passing through light soils is quite low. The result is groundwater contamination and deterioration of water quality in nearby wells.

A way to solve this problem is to reduce the area of the internal surface of the cesspool that will allow water to pass through: you can concrete not only the walls, but also part of the bottom of the pit. If after this it turns out that the water from the pit leaves too slowly, it will be enough to then punch holes in the walls for additional drainage. Another way to increase the degree of wastewater filtration is to create an additional filter layer at the bottom of the pit. Making such a layer is very simple - just pour ordinary clay onto the bottom, level it and compact it.

If there are clay soils on the site, the problem when constructing a cesspool without pumping is the opposite - the slow absorption of water from the drains by such soils. What causes the pit to overflow with wastewater. In the case where the daily volume of wastewater does not exceed several cubic meters, it will be sufficient to provide additional wastewater disposal. They do it this way: several holes are drilled in the bottom of the pit to the maximum possible depth, then a perforated plastic pipe is installed in these holes. The top of the pipe should be approximately 1-1.5 meters above the bottom of the pit. A plug is placed on the pipe, which will prevent solid particles from entering it and, as a result, clogging.

Several such pipes will significantly increase the filtration area and provide a sufficient degree of drainage. Another way to solve the problem of insufficient wastewater drainage is to install a cesspool with an overflow. Structurally, it consists of two pits connected to each other by a pipe at an angle. When the first pit is filled to the level of the overflow pipe, wastewater will begin to flow into the second pit. This increases the area of soil through which water will drain. When installing an overflow, solid particles and feces settle in the first pit, while the second remains practically empty.

With drains containing large amounts of solids and feces, any cesspool will fill up over time. It all depends on the volume of the pit itself and the amount of wastewater. But in any case, cleaning such a pit will not be required for several years. Some pits last for ten years. Then they make a second pit nearby, and leave the first one for compost to mature. In 2-3 years it will be a source of excellent organic fertilizer.