A house made of foam blocks - how to make a ceiling between floors. Is it possible to lay floor slabs on foam blocks?

Supporting floor slabs on foam blocks (?)

Sorry, I don't have the opportunity to post the plan.
According to the project, the building is 9,000 x 12,000

All load-bearing walls are planned to be built from foam blocks. Axes A-B (9 meters) Axes 1-2-3-4 (- 3 meters – 6 meters – 3 meters -)

The house is two-story. Floors - reinforced concrete slabs.

Question: What brand of foam blocks are needed and what type of reinforced concrete slabs? Is it possible to support 6-meter slabs on foam blocks?

+ I would be very grateful if you could post an architectural/constructive diagram of buildings of a similar structure, or an alternative solution that you think is most suitable in this situation..

09.03.2011, 19:35

1. Find nearby foam block manufacturers and see what they recommend. Class like B2.5. I would not recommend the D500 below the density (for comparison, we took 2 factories in different areas. One had a D600, it pulled like the second on a D500.) 2. What do you mean by type? Take a regular hollow core slab. It is possible according to the 141st series, it is possible to form without formwork. 3. You can support it, but only if there are certain measures under the slab. Those are either a reinforced concrete belt or at least 2 rows of solid bricks. In any case, it depends on the load.

By the way, how thick are the walls?

09.03.2011, 19:47

load-bearing walls: 400

Unfortunately, the manufacturers were unable to give a clear answer. “Everyone says calculations are necessary. We do not know." I know about the events only by hearsay, since I myself am more involved in architecture than construction. I sketched out a small diagram of “events”. Did I understand you correctly? (if there is a node or norms, I will be very grateful)

What do you think about the 6 meter span? I'm not sure that the blocks will withstand such a load.

Please express your opinion and give a recommendation. I haven't encountered anything like this.

09.03.2011, 22:02

09.03.2011, 22:18

09.03.2011, 22:25

Three tested options: 1. Reinforced concrete monolithic belt under the slabs. Usually 200-300mm, reinforced 4dia12. 2. 2-3 rows of any solid brick (SUR, KP-U) M100-125, reinforced with masonry mesh. 3. I haven’t laid it myself, but I’ve seen it five times in real life - armoshov - essentially a seam made of M200 stencil, 50-70mm high, with 3-4 mesh diameter 5.

Once I came across a complete metal frame along the contour of the building, but it seems to me that this was due to an overabundance of metal.

P.S. Pay attention to the frost insulation of these belts in the external load-bearing walls.

09.03.2011, 22:44

Three tested options: 1. Reinforced concrete monolithic belt under the slabs. Usually 200-300mm, reinforced 4dia12. 2. 2-3 rows of any solid brick (SUR, KP-U) M100-125, reinforced with masonry mesh. 3. I haven’t laid it myself, but I’ve seen it five times in real life - armoshov - essentially a seam made of M200 stencil, 50-70mm high, with 3-4 mesh diameter 5.

Once I came across a complete metal frame along the contour of the building, but it seems to me that this was due to an overabundance of metal.

P.S. Pay attention to the frost insulation of these belts in the external load-bearing walls.

09.03.2011, 23:07

I design, I design. I pick pears, drive piles, raise “rabbits”

09.03.2011, 23:29

09.03.2011, 23:41

I design, I design. I pick pears, drive piles, raise “rabbits”

09.03.2011, 23:54

Is it by chance due to the placement of the insulation and the load-bearing lintel? I found these diagrams online (black ones). You can compare:

10.03.2011, 00:41

I design, I design. I pick pears, drive piles, raise “rabbits”

10.03.2011, 00:47

10.03.2011, 00:56

LISP, C# (ACAD 200[9,12,13,14])

__________________

10.03.2011, 11:53

How can you think about something if the load is unknown?

Is the building residential? Office? Industrial? If it is residential or office, then the load can be taken offhand as 200 kg per sq.m. + slab weight 300 kg + floor structure (so as not to be mistaken) 200 kg = 700 kg/m2, * 6m / 2 sides = 2.1 tons per linear meter of wall. Normal load, foam block can handle it. Just do what you have already been advised to do under the stove.

I wouldn't hesitate to paint two rows of full-bodied ceramic there. brick reinforced with 2 rows of mesh made of VrI f5 wire with mesh. 50x50.

Just not like in #3, but on the contrary - a brick on the SIDE of the slab will not work, but a layer of foam on the SIDE of the brick is very good against freezing.

10.03.2011, 19:50
How can you think about something if the load is unknown?

Is the building residential? Office? Industrial? If it is residential or office, then the load can be taken offhand as 200 kg per sq.m. + slab weight 300 kg + floor structure (so as not to be mistaken) 200 kg = 700 kg/m2, * 6m / 2 sides = 2.1 tons per linear meter of wall. Normal load, foam block can handle it. Just do what you have already been advised to do under the stove.

I wouldn't hesitate to paint two rows of full-bodied ceramic there. brick reinforced with 2 rows of mesh made of VrI f5 wire with mesh. 50x50.

Just not like in #3, but on the contrary - a brick on the SIDE of the slab will not work, but a layer of foam on the SIDE of the brick is very good against freezing.

DOMOSTROYPlumbing and construction

• Thursday, December 12, 2020 1:07
• Author: Sereg985
• Comment

• Category: Construction
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In an environment where technology is constantly developing and new types of materials are being invented, construction is no exception. New types of materials are much lighter and more reliable, they are very durable and quite convenient to use. One such material is foam block or foam concrete. With its help, you can quickly build residential buildings or other types of buildings.

The use of foam blocks is very common in various buildings, and this is not surprising. There are times when during work it is necessary to lay floor slabs. And here the question arises: is it possible to do this, and if not, then why?

Foam block: material features

To produce a foam block, you need to mix several types of materials:

• sand;
• cement;
• water;
• various chemical additives.

All this is sent to a kind of production mixer. The ratio of the components depends on the brand of the future material, which will determine their reliability, weight and give certain thermal insulation characteristics. When the mixture is well mixed, foaming agents are added to it.

The produced foam concrete is poured either into a three-dimensional form or into specially prepared molds of the sizes required for production. It takes 4-5 hours to harden, then the blocks are transferred to drying, which occurs using natural processes. This will take up to 2-3 weeks.

Important! If the foam block is poured into one large mold, at the end it is cut into smaller pieces for ease of use.

The material needs about six to seven weeks to acquire final strength. In terms of their composition, they are very environmentally friendly and in this regard are second only to wood.

Due to its porous texture, the material can regulate humidity in the room - it can absorb and release water without forming mold.

Important! Foam blocks do not burn because they have a high degree of fire resistance. This makes it a safe material that no insects or rodents are interested in.

Laying floor slabs on foam blocks

Builders note that you can’t just pick up and lay floor slabs on this material. Although it is durable in its composition, in this case it is necessary to take certain measures and create the necessary conditions.

To successfully complete roofing work, you should:

1. It is necessary to make a monolithic reinforced concrete belt along the entire perimeter of the walls that will be involved in laying the slabs, the width of which should be equal to the thickness of the wall, and the height should not exceed 250 millimeters. In this case, reinforcement must be performed using a frame consisting of reinforcement. Its diameter should fluctuate around 12 AIII and have anchors on which the floor slabs will be welded to the mounting hinges.
2. The slabs must have a support of at least 200 millimeters;

Sometimes covering walls consisting of foam blocks is not a rational and expedient solution. Everything depends on the height of the structure. If the height does not exceed a two-story building, then the walls made of foam blocks will withstand the load. But if the building is taller, then you should not resort to such solutions.

Laying floor slabs on a wall made of foam blocks is possible only if certain conditions are met.

Laying floor slabs

So the thickness of the walls made of foam blocks should not be less than thirty centimeters, and the support of the slabs should not be less than twenty centimeters.

It is also necessary to make a reinforced concrete belt around the entire perimeter of the walls, both inside and outside, which will be as thick as the wall and 25 centimeters high.

The armored belt should be as thick as the wall and 25 cm high.

This belt must have a reinforced frame. Such a belt will distribute the load very correctly and evenly across the entire wall, which will avoid point pressure on the foam block, which can lead to destruction or deformation. This belt also makes the entire house more rigid and durable.

Installation of reinforced belt for floor slabs

Sometimes it will be better to make floors using wooden beams or pour a monolithic slab, because such methods are not so expensive and labor-intensive, and therefore more correct. But everyone chooses for themselves.

The main advantage of building houses from cellular concrete blocks is the relatively low price and a small amount of time spent. Durable porous material allows the construction of buildings of several floors. The house can be built entirely using foam blocks or in combination with other materials.

The floor slabs were placed on a foam block without an armored belt. How to save the situation?

Good day! Help, please, your help is urgently needed!!!

I have this problem: Last year we bought a house with 2 floors, about 150 m2, built in 2007. On the outside there is sand-lime brick, then foam block, insulation, plasterboard, and, of course, wallpaper for painting. We happily moved in, lived for a year, pah-pah, and then decided to redo a few things for the arrival of a new addition to the family. We dismantled a couple of sheets of drywall and I was horrified to discover that the reinforced concrete floor slabs between the 1st and 2nd floors were simply lying on a foam block without any reinforcement belt!!! :-0 I flew like a bullet to the second floor, cut out a piece of plaster and oh...well, the reinforced concrete slabs are also on the roof, naturally, as in the first option, just on the foam block. And if you also take into account that outside, on the wall of the house, there are cracks in the brick in some places, then it becomes scary!!!

In general, I don’t want to get into trouble! But, in any case, there are no hopeless situations!

I consulted with “experienced” builders on this issue, they say that the cracks are not terrible, they are an everyday matter, the house is new, it shrinks and you just need to keep an eye on them. As a result, beacons were made. And about the slabs, they say, it’s not good, of course, but not fatal, everything is already fixed, has fallen into place and definitely won’t fall on your head, so you can sleep peacefully and not worry!

The panic has passed, of course, but I still feel uneasy. Moreover, one of these days we are expecting the arrival of a long-awaited baby and the prospect that you live not only in a credit card house, but also in a house of cards is not at all happy

What to do? Can they be supported somehow? Or is it really not that scary?

And if you prop up or make some kind of structure, then, as I understand it, this means re-doing the inside of the whole house? Or what are the options?

I really ask for help, kind people, help me with practical advice.

Thanks to everyone in advance!

www.builderclub.com

Features of the construction of foam block walls

There are two types of material. It is distinguished by quality - autoclave or non-autoclave. Autoclaved foam blocks are suitable for load-bearing walls. They are stronger, the quality of the material is higher, and the block itself has a clearer geometry. In addition, it is necessary to choose the appropriate strength grade. For such walls, concrete blocks of at least M500 B2.5 are used.

Walls made of foam blocks are erected quite quickly. However, for the correctness and strength of the masonry, several rules must be followed. The very first row must be well laid and straightened. To do this, use a laser or level. All defects in the masonry should be corrected; to do this, the surface is ground off or cut off with a hacksaw. Between the foundation and the base of the wall, waterproofing must be laid in two layers. Usually this is roofing felt laid on hot bitumen.

Foam blocks are laid in the same pattern as bricks, with a shift of half a block relative to the previous one. The installation begins from the corners, moving towards the middle of the wall. If necessary, the last block, which is placed in the middle, is cut to the required size.

At least 3 hours should pass between laying each next row.

The second row of masonry is carried out according to the same principle.
Start from the corners, then go to the middle of the wall. In this case, the beacon laces are moved to the row above. You should remember to bandage the blocks in the corners. If in the first row the block is laid along the end wall, then in the second it is laid along the side wall. When constructing window or door openings, permanent formwork made of foam blocks is installed. This is done from above and below the opening. The cavity must be reinforced and concreted. This device is necessary to distribute the load under the openings. Failure to follow the process will result in cracking of the walls.

Every fourth row of masonry is reinforced. Without this, the walls will not cope with the load. Therefore, with a special tool, two parallel grooves are made on the upper surface of the block, which must be made along the perimeter of the entire building, rounding them at the corners. The roundings should be as smooth as possible with a large radius. Reinforcement is placed in the grooves, then they are filled with cement mortar. The reinforcement is laid with an overlap, leaving at least 20 cm.

For laying foam blocks, two types of mortar are used - adhesive or cement. Before laying, the blocks should be cleaned and the surface checked for chips and cracks. In both cases, the first row is laid on cement mortar, which is applied with a notched trowel.

The technology for producing foam concrete blocks influences the choice of wall laying process.

The difference is that using cement mortar, foam blocks are laid in two rows to avoid heat loss. Laying with adhesive mortar is done in one row. When using glue, it is applied to horizontal and joint seams.

Slab foundation for a house made of foam blocks

If we talk about building a house from foam blocks, then you should pay attention to the fact that this material is quite fragile, so it is necessary to arrange a perfectly flat foundation surface. In addition, foam block is a lightweight material that is easy to install and has good thermal insulation properties. The most common types of foundations used for a house made of foam blocks are: columnar, strip and slab. First, let's look at a slab foundation.

Slab foundation refers to shallow or non-buried foundations. The laying depth in most cases does not exceed 50 cm. The foundation slab of a foam block house differs from other types of foundation in that it has rigid spatial reinforcement along the entire load-bearing plane. In addition, after completion of the work there is no need to fill the floor, because it will already be installed. Very often, a slab foundation is called a floating foundation. Why? Due to the fact that the foundation is filled with a solid slab, it is able to change its position when the soil deforms. In order to do the work yourself you need:

• throughout the entire area we remove a layer of soil from 15 cm to 1.5 m. The depth depends on the weight of the building. For example, if this is a utility block or a bathhouse, then a small depth will suffice. If this is a large building with heavy walls, then a foundation pit of one meter to one and a half meters is required;

• The next thing that needs to be done is the drainage system. It is done to drain groundwater from the foundation of the house. If this work is not done, then over time the groundwater will destroy the foundation;
• Expanded polystyrene can be used as insulation for a slab foundation. It must be installed at the bottom of the dug trench;
• To install a drainage pad you will need sand and small crushed stone. We alternately fill in a layer of sand and crushed stone, compacting each layer well. The thickness of the drainage layer is about 30 cm. When compacting, it is important to ensure that the surface is level;
• After the drainage pad is installed, you can begin waterproofing. It is done to protect the pillow from moisture. Polyethylene film or roofing felt can be used as a waterproofing material;
• For formwork, you can use available materials, for example, boards. If there are no boards, you can use metal shields specially adapted for this. It is important to understand that concrete exerts very strong pressure on the formwork, in addition, when using a vibrator, the load increases even more, so the panels must be very strong;

• An obligatory stage of work is the reinforcement of the foundation. For this work it is necessary to use rods from 10 to 14 mm in diameter. To tie the rods together, wire and a special metal hook are used, which makes the work much faster;
• Concrete pouring should be done in one go. For this, many people order a “mixer”, thanks to which they can quickly and efficiently pour a slab foundation;

• during the process of pouring concrete, it is imperative to use a vibrator, with the help of which all voids will be filled and air will be released from the concrete;
• for a smoother surface, some people use a “helicopter” which makes the surface smooth;
• After pouring a reinforced concrete slab, it is necessary to moisten the surface for several days. This is especially true for filling in the summer.

Laying floor slabs on foam blocks

In a house made of foam blocks, the ceiling can be made of any material.
It can be prefabricated or monolithic. Prefabricated ones, in turn, are made of wood, metal or slab. The minimum size of the supporting area of ​​the floor slab on the wall is 25 cm. When choosing any material for the floor, you must first lay an armored belt. Monolithic flooring is durable and fire resistant.

Laying floors on walls made of foam blocks is no different from laying them on walls made of other materials - concrete or brick. When using wooden beams, roofing felt is used for waterproofing. It is necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the insulation and the floor slab.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt

A reinforcing belt is necessary to evenly distribute the load from the overlying floor and the rest of the house structure. This belt is used in the construction of houses from various block materials. It is able to compensate for the tendency of foam concrete blocks to bend and break.

When using wooden floors or roofs, an armored belt is not used. In this case, special platforms for beams are arranged.

To make a reinforcing belt, removable formwork is used. The non-removable option is not suitable for this process. After installation, the reinforcement is placed in the formwork, then it is bandaged. Heavy concrete is poured into the resulting structure. After pouring, it should harden and gain strength. This takes from 1 to 1.5 months. Installation cannot be done before this time. Before erecting the floors, the formwork is removed.

Construction of supports

In addition to the horizontal reinforcing belt, it is necessary to erect vertical posts from concrete parts or a reinforced monolith.
They are installed in the corners of the building and along the perimeter, at a distance of at least 4 m. It is possible to erect reinforcement racks in places where additional load is expected, then the racks can be located asymmetrically on the plan. The construction of vertical reinforced supports is carried out using formwork. It is installed vertically at the corners of the building. Reinforcement is laid inside the formwork and tied, concrete is poured there, which is allowed to harden.

The number and necessity of installing vertical reinforced belts is determined based on the area and number of floors of the building.

The weight and presence of racks are taken into account when calculating the load on the structures of the upper floors and roof. Concrete pillars and a stiffening belt create an overall strong outline of the future building.

In a building constructed from foam concrete blocks, it is possible to use a monolithic floor with reinforcement or floors made of other materials, including cellular concrete. When choosing, you should take into account the load and number of floors. Compliance with the technology of laying walls and erecting floors will help build a durable modern house in a short time.

Prefabricated options

Hollow concrete slabs

The slabs are laid by specialists on a reinforced concrete belt.

Such slabs range in size from 1 to 1.5 m in width and from 1.3 to 7.2 m in length. They are manufactured industrially in large factories. There is no point in buying such slabs from a little-known manufacturer.

The advantages of using such slabs in construction are:

• high strength;
• ease of installation;
• good thermal insulation due to voids.

Disadvantages of this type of interfloor ceilings:

• the need to use special equipment for installation (crane);
• heavy weight;
• certain requirements for laying slabs.

In a house made of aerated concrete or foam concrete, it is quite possible to use slabs of heavy concrete, however, there are separate requirements for the installation of such floors. The slab must be supported on a belt made of heavy reinforced concrete or on a belt made of sand-lime brick. Slabs cannot be installed directly on aerated concrete. The use of such slabs is advisable when the length between load-bearing walls is more than 6 m.

Flooring made of aerated concrete slabs

This option can be used for small distances between load-bearing walls. Such slabs are produced using conventional technology, like aerated concrete blocks - by autoclaving. As in the case of slabs made of heavy concrete, when laying aerated concrete slabs it is necessary to make a belt of reinforced concrete or sand-lime brick, which is mounted on aerated concrete or foam concrete.

The advantages of this type of overlap are:

• a light weight;
• low thermal conductivity. An aerated concrete floor will always be warm.

Floors made of wooden beams

The use of this type of flooring is limited only by the length of the beams.

Wooden beams are an inexpensive and uncomplicated option. Installation of wooden floors is relatively simple. In this case, wooden beams from various types of wood are used. Glued laminated timber is also used. The technology involves installing rough and finished floors from boards and filling the empty space between them with insulation - mineral wool, expanded clay or polystyrene foam.

The advantages will be:

• ease of installation of the structure;
• a light weight;
• low cost.

Flaws:

• length limitation;
• relative weakness of the design.

Use of metal beams

In this case, rolled metal is used. When choosing a metal profile, you need to know the load on it. For an attic space it averages 75 kg per 1 sq.m., for residential premises - 150 kg per 1 sq.m.

The advantage of using a metal beam is its high strength and the ability to install at a large length between load-bearing walls.

Features of the construction of foam block walls

The material can be of two types. It is distinguished by quality - autoclave or non-autoclave. Autoclaved foam blocks are suitable for the construction of load-bearing walls. They are stronger, the quality of the material is higher, and the block itself has a clearer geometry. In addition, it is necessary to choose the appropriate strength grade. For such walls, concrete blocks of at least M500 B2.5 are used.

Walls made of foam blocks are erected quite quickly. However, for the correctness and strength of the masonry, several rules must be followed. The very first row must be well laid and straightened. To do this, use a laser or level. All defects in the masonry must be corrected; to do this, the surface is ground down or cut off with a hacksaw. Between the foundation and the base of the wall, waterproofing must be laid in two layers. Usually this is roofing felt laid on hot bitumen.

Foam blocks are laid in the same pattern as bricks, with a shift of half a block relative to the previous one. The installation begins from the corners, moving towards the middle of the wall. If necessary, the last stone, which is placed in the middle, is cut to the required size.

At least 3 hours should pass between laying each next row.

The second row of masonry is carried out according to the same principle. Start from the corners, then go to the middle of the wall. In this case, the beacon laces are moved to the row above. You should remember to bandage the blocks in the corners. If in the first row the block is laid along the end wall, then in the second row it is laid along the side wall.

When constructing window or door openings, permanent formwork made of foam blocks is installed. This is done from above and below the opening. The cavity must be reinforced and concreted. This device is necessary to distribute the load under the openings. Failure to follow the process will result in cracking of the walls.

Every fourth row of masonry is reinforced. Without this, the walls will not cope with the load of the building. Therefore, with a special tool, two parallel grooves are made on the upper surface of the block, which must be made along the perimeter of the entire building, rounding them at the corners. The roundings should be as smooth as possible with a large radius. Reinforcement is placed in the grooves, then they are filled with cement mortar. The reinforcement is laid with an overlap, leaving at least 20 cm.

To lay foam blocks, two types of mortar are used - adhesive or cement. Before laying, the blocks must be cleaned and the surface checked for chips and cracks. In both cases, the first row is laid on cement mortar, which is applied with a notched trowel.

The technology for producing foam concrete blocks influences the choice of wall laying process.

The difference is that using cement mortar, foam blocks are laid in two rows to avoid heat loss. Laying with adhesive mortar is done in one row. When using glue, it is applied to horizontal and joint seams.

Laying floor slabs on foam blocks

In a house made of foam blocks, the ceiling can be made of any material. It can be prefabricated or monolithic. Prefabricated ones, in turn, can be wooden, metal or slab. The minimum size of the supporting area of ​​the floor slab on the wall is 25 cm. When choosing any material for the floor, an armored belt must first be laid.

Monolithic flooring is durable and fire resistant.

Laying floors on walls made of foam blocks is no different from laying them on walls made of other materials - concrete or brick. When using wooden beams, roofing felt is used for waterproofing. It is necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the insulation and the floor slab.

Monolithic reinforced concrete belt

A reinforcing belt is necessary to evenly distribute the load from the overlying floor and the rest of the house structure. This belt is used in the construction of houses from various block materials. It is able to compensate for the tendency of foam concrete blocks to bend and break.

When using wooden floors or roofs, an armored belt is not used. In this case, special platforms for beams are arranged.

To make a reinforcing belt, removable formwork is used. The non-removable option is not suitable for this process. After installation, the reinforcement is placed in the formwork, then it is bandaged. Heavy concrete is poured into the resulting structure. After pouring, it should harden and gain strength. This takes from 1 to 1.5 months. Installation cannot be done before this time. Before erecting the floors, the formwork is removed.

Construction of supports

In addition to the horizontal reinforcing belt, it is necessary to erect vertical posts from concrete parts or a reinforced monolith. Such racks are installed in the corners of the building and along the perimeter, at a distance of at least 4 m. It is possible to erect reinforcement racks in places where additional load is expected, then the racks can be located asymmetrically on the plan.

The construction of vertical reinforced supports is carried out using formwork. It is installed vertically at the corners of the building. Reinforcement is laid inside the formwork and tied, concrete is poured there, which is allowed to harden.

The number and necessity of installing vertical reinforced belts is determined based on the area and number of floors of the building.

The weight and presence of racks are taken into account when calculating the load on the structures of the upper floors and roof. Concrete pillars and a stiffening belt create an overall strong outline of the future building.

In a building constructed from foam concrete blocks, it is possible to use a monolithic floor with reinforcement or floors made of other materials, including cellular concrete. When choosing, you should take into account the load and number of floors of the building. Compliance with the technology of laying walls and erecting floors will help build a durable modern house in a short time.

Installation of interfloor ceilings from a monolithic slab

Many private developers, when building a house from aerated concrete or other similar blocks, use reinforced concrete slabs as interfloor floors.

These are very reliable and durable foundations, but at the same time they have a lot of weight, which must be taken into account when erecting walls from building blocks.

In order to ensure that the weight of the slab is distributed evenly and does not violate the integrity of the walls, when laying slab floors, an additional structure must be made in the form of a distribution concrete or brick belt.

Options for installing a monolithic reinforced concrete slab are shown in the figure. In the first version

, the slab rests on a concrete strip measuring 150x250 mm, located along the entire perimeter of the wall. The tape is reinforced with rods with a diameter of 10 mm and filled with M200 concrete.

It is also necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the wall and the end of the reinforced concrete slab.

To remove cold bridges, the slab and reinforcing belt are additionally insulated using extruded polystyrene foam boards, 50 mm thick.

Second option

It is a masonry of red burnt brick laid in 3 rows. This is the most popular version of the distribution belt device. In this case, there is no need to construct formwork and make a reinforcement frame from rods.

But before laying the bricks, they strengthen the wall blocks with reinforcement. To do this, grooves are cut, reinforcing bars are placed in them and filled with cement mortar.

The brickwork is also reinforced with the help of a masonry mesh laid between the rows.

The monolithic reinforced concrete slab should extend 13-14 cm deep into the wall. This is quite enough for the stability and rigidity of the structure.

Floor slabs for aerated concrete houses

Houses made of gas silicate blocks are popular due to their quick construction, low cost and do not require the use of special lifting equipment. The ceiling in the house should distribute the loads on the walls and increase the rigidity of the structure. And for the first (floor) and last (ceiling) floors, also provide thermal insulation. One of the simple and reliable options is to use ready-made floor slabs on aerated concrete.

Based on the material used, the slabs are divided into:

• reinforced concrete;
• aerated concrete.

Floors in aerated concrete houses

When building houses from aerated concrete blocks, your choice can also be made in favor of either prefabricated or monolithic floors. But today, manufacturers of aerated concrete blocks offer to use their own prefabricated floors. For example, the leading manufacturer of aerated concrete blocks “Ytong” proposes to use a frame of reinforced concrete light beams with free reinforcement as floors and T-blocks filling this frame, which rest on these beams with two grooves. T-blocks are made of aerated concrete. One of the undoubted advantages of this design is quick installation without the use of special equipment, high load-bearing capacity, noise and sound insulation, and relatively low cost.

Reinforced concrete hollow slabs

This is the most popular and affordable type of slab.

Previously, the use of massive reinforced concrete floors was unavailable in the construction of a private house due to their high cost and heavy weight, requiring the use of special equipment for delivery and lifting. Now such problems do not arise, and a crane or manipulator has become a common occurrence in low-rise construction .

Hollow core slabs made of reinforced concrete have additional relief in the form of through chamber openings, and they themselves are made from heavy grades of concrete using reinforcement, which provides the necessary rigidity and strength . Such an overlap has a number of undeniable advantages:

• Lightweight construction compared to a monolithic slab; voids significantly reduce the weight of the product, which means they can be safely used in buildings made of aerated concrete up to 3 floors inclusive.
• High strength, which is ensured by internal cavities, reinforcement and high-quality concrete. The load-bearing capacity of slabs of this type is from 800 kg/m2.
• Simplified installation and the ability to mount on bases of any shape. The size of the slab can be 6 or 9 meters, which significantly expands the possibilities for planning.
• Internal cavities can be used to accommodate communications and wiring.
• Good sound insulation.

The installation of reinforced concrete floors will require the installation of an armored belt around the entire perimeter. It can be made monolithic using formwork and reinforcement with a thickness of 10 mm. The width of the belt is at least 150 mm - the distance over which the slab will rest. Thanks to this, the load on the walls is reduced, local stresses caused by the pressure of the upper floor and the slab itself are eliminated.

Marking

According to the configuration of the cavities, the slabs are divided into:

• PC – with round voids, rests on 2 sides;
• PKT – with round cavities, rests on 3 sides;
• PKK - with round voids, laid on 4 walls;
• PKT – with round cavities, installation on 2 end and 1 long side;
• PG – with pear-shaped voids; thickness – 260 mm; support on 2 ends;
• PB – made without formwork, using continuous molding; its thickness is 260 mm, hole diameter is 159 mm; The product is placed on 2 end sides.

Based on the size of the cavities and thickness, the slabs are divided into the following types:

• 1P - slabs 120 mm thick.
• 2P - slabs 160 mm thick;

• 1PK - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm.
• 2PK - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm.
• PB - slabs 220 mm thick, formed without formwork.

Slabs of types 2P and 2PK are made only from heavy concrete.

Dimensions

The size of the hollow core slab is indicated in its marking.

Below the spoiler are the standard sizes of the slabs. To view, click on the “Table” heading.

Coordination dimensions of the slab, mm

3pcs

Support depth

It is important not to exceed the maximum support depth. Otherwise, the slab will act as a lever and, under heavy loads, the wall may rise slightly above the slab. It is not noticeable to the eye, but is critical for the structure. Under loads from installed furniture, equipment and erected internal interior partitions, cracks may appear in the walls due to the resulting stresses.

The length of support (the depth of insertion of slabs into the walls) should not exceed:

• for brick walls - 160 mm;
• when supporting floor slabs on aerated concrete blocks of class B3.5-B7.5 - 200 mm;
• when resting on a concrete reinforced belt - 120 mm.

The minimum support length is also standardized. It should not be less than:

• 80 mm - for brick walls;
• 100 mm - for walls made of cellular concrete blocks;
• 65 mm - when resting on dense concrete class B10 and higher.

Installing a floor made of reinforced concrete structures will necessarily require the use of a crane or manipulator with a large lifting capacity. The weight of a standard 6-meter slab reaches 2 tons. In addition, installation will require certain skills. Thus, leveling is carried out along the seams on the smooth side of the ceiling, after which the slabs are fastened with anchors, and the joints are filled with cement mortar. Mineral wool and polystyrene foam can be used as insulation.

Monolithic foam concrete flooring

In the process of building walls made of aerated concrete or foam concrete, there comes a time when you need to take care of the construction of interfloor ceilings , which can be made of a concrete slab or wooden beams.

Unlike houses built of brick, when installing interfloor ceilings on walls made of gas or foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to additionally provide distribution and reinforcing belts.

In this article we will consider the installation of wooden and reinforced concrete interfloor ceilings when building a house from wall blocks.

Installation of interfloor ceilings from a monolithic slab

Many private developers, when building a house from aerated concrete or other similar blocks, use reinforced concrete slabs as interfloor floors.

These are very reliable and durable foundations, but at the same time they have a lot of weight, which must be taken into account when erecting walls from building blocks.

In order to ensure that the weight of the slab is distributed evenly and does not violate the integrity of the walls, when laying slab floors, an additional structure must be made in the form of a distribution concrete or brick belt.

Options for installing a monolithic reinforced concrete slab are shown in the figure. In the first version

, the slab rests on a concrete strip measuring 150x250 mm, located along the entire perimeter of the wall. The tape is reinforced with rods with a diameter of 10 mm and filled with M200 concrete.

It is also necessary to leave a temperature gap of 1-2 cm between the wall and the end of the reinforced concrete slab.

To remove cold bridges, the slab and reinforcing belt are additionally insulated using extruded polystyrene foam boards, 50 mm thick.

Second option

It is a masonry of red burnt brick laid in 3 rows. This is the most popular version of the distribution belt device. In this case, there is no need to construct formwork and make a reinforcement frame from rods.

But before laying the bricks, they strengthen the wall blocks with reinforcement. To do this, grooves are cut, reinforcing bars are placed in them and filled with cement mortar.

The brickwork is also reinforced with the help of a masonry mesh laid between the rows.

The monolithic reinforced concrete slab should extend 13-14 cm deep into the wall. This is quite enough for the stability and rigidity of the structure.

Wooden interfloor ceilings

Wooden construction is the most preferable option when building houses from light wall blocks. Wooden interfloor ceilings are much lighter than concrete ones, which means they put less pressure on the wall, and therefore the design will be simpler.

In addition, the price of wooden logs, taking into account delivery and labor, is significantly less than the cost of reinforced concrete slab floors. There is no need to hire an expensive crane and everything can be done without the use of machinery.

In one of the articles (link) we already talked about the construction of floors using wooden beams.

Installation of floors in a house made of aerated concrete: materials used and procedure for carrying out work

In it we presented the calculation of floor beams and the installation of floors using wooden joists. Perhaps this information will be useful to you. But let's return to our topic.

As we have already written, installation of wooden floors is simpler. It is enough to make a belt of reinforcement, as is the case with concrete slabs, on which beams can be laid.

Before installation, wooden logs must be coated with antifungal compounds, and the ends that will lie on the wall must be wrapped in roofing felt or other similar material.

You also need to cut down the end part of the beam at an angle of 600 and lay the insulation

Between the end and the wall, it is necessary to leave a gap of 2 cm for possible thermal expansion.

Wooden logs should be laid into the wall to a depth of 15 cm.

In conclusion, we offer you a video that will be useful in the further installation of wooden floors.

House made of foam blocks: types of floor slabs

The main disadvantage of foam concrete for creating a strong (and therefore heavy) floor is its fragility. Therefore, in low-rise residential construction, traditional wood is used to construct wall ceilings made of foam blocks.

It is possible to use concrete slabs or ribbed floors, but they either require careful calculation - this is one thing, and secondly - for ready-made concrete or monolithic slabs, it is desirable to increase the thickness of the wall, and this will affect the cost of construction.

The definitely recommended material is timber.

Installation of wooden floors in a house made of aerated concrete blocks

Consumer benefits:

• cheaper than concrete;
• warmer than many other materials;
• environmentally more acceptable for future residents.

Technological advantages:

• low weight of the structure (supporting walls will last longer) with sufficient strength and long service life;
• a wooden frame will ensure uniform distribution of the floor load no worse than any material for a foam block house;
• simple time-tested technology, with low time consumption for preparatory and additional work on preparing the tree.

One floor or two?

In a one-story building, the use of wood is quite justified, but for two-story cottages it is expensive to organize an interfloor ceiling made of timber.

Here you will either need the help of a designer, or you will need to independently calculate the width of the wall sufficient to install hollow core slabs, which have proven themselves best in such cases.

It is also possible to use other types (caisson, ribbed), but their implementation is associated with greater cost and time of work. When using slabs (hollow-core) floors, you must remember to install a monolithic reinforced concrete belt on the foam block around the entire perimeter.

Wooden floors between the first and second floors for a foam block house are also possible. But it, along with a full set of materials for constructing flooring, requires a lot of resources (the volume of only boards for a house per 100 m2 will be about 25 m3), the cost of which is much higher than the cost of slabs and a small screed.

How much do materials and labor cost?

The price of flooring for a house made of foam blocks depends on the area and number of floors. Let us give an approximate calculation of the cost of materials for a wooden floor per 1 m2.

*This calculation is approximate, transportation costs are partially included, loading/unloading is not included.

The cost of the work is not fixed within any framework; it is often about 600-1000 rubles/m2. These costs include: antiseptic preparation of the timber, lifting the material to a height, installation work, insulation and other work.

When work is carried out by hired workers, the installation of the ceiling can be calculated in different ways: either as a separate calculation for the footage, or it can be included in the final cost of the roof.

When ordering work to calculate the floor for a house made of foam blocks on the 1st floor, hiring a specialist (if you understand everything else) will cost from 3,000 - 6,000 for a house up to 100 m2. The calculation for a larger volume and number of floors increases in proportion to the volume of work. With an official order, “through a company,” the cost of engineering calculations can start from 20,000.

Aerated concrete slab floors

Not only wall blocks are made from foamed concrete, but also interfloor partitions. This material has good strength, low thermal conductivity, it is easy to process and easy to use. An aerated concrete slab can withstand loads from 300 to 600 kg/m2, and the maximum weight does not exceed 750 kg. The precision with which such an overlap is made allows installation in a short time and does not require additional preparation for subsequent finishing. These are the lightest floor slabs for aerated concrete walls.

Now on the market you can find two types of such structures:

• They are made of concrete using autoclave injection molding and are equipped with special “groove-tooth” type elements, which simplifies installation. With this method, the density can correspond to the concrete grade D500. This option is most in demand in low-rise construction.
• Standard panels, reinforced with reinforcing elements, can be used in any monolithic construction. They are easy to process, inexpensive, and well suited for non-standard solutions.

The maximum size of aerated concrete slabs does not exceed 5980 by 625 mm, and the thickness can range from 150 to 300 mm. Minimum length 2980 mm, pitch 300 mm.
Such a variety of sizes and low weight makes it easy and with minimal losses to close the space between floors or any complex shape. The disadvantages of such an overlap arise from the characteristics of cellular concrete itself , so the choice must be approached carefully and after careful calculations of the load-bearing load and operating conditions.

• Aerated concrete is a very fragile material that is practically devoid of elasticity. To avoid cracks in walls and ceilings, it is necessary to take care of a high-quality monolithic or well-buried foundation that prevents any movement of the soil.
• This material perfectly absorbs moisture, and this will require additional waterproofing with a special primer in rooms such as the bathroom and toilet. The reinforcement in aerated concrete must be processed in accordance with the requirements of SN 277-80, which guarantees a service life of the floors of at least 25 years.
• A load-bearing capacity of less than 600 kg/m2 is insufficient to accommodate heavy furniture and equipment and a large number of people. Screed, flooring, and underfloor heating systems reduce the already low load capacity.
• Additional reinforced concrete beams will be required, laid at a distance the width of the slab.

Slab floors

Such floors are made from ready-made reinforced concrete slabs of various sizes. The sizes of slabs used in low-rise construction vary from 1 m to 1.5 m in width and from 1.3 m to 7.2 m in length.

Floor slabs are designated “PK”, “PNO”, “NV”, “NVK” and are manufactured at large reinforced concrete plants. You should not purchase slabs from unverified manufacturers, since such products must be subject to increased manufacturing quality control.

The advantages of slab flooring are:

• quick installation;
• high load-bearing capacity (from 800 kg/m2);
• due to the hollowness, the necessary thermal insulation and sound insulation are ensured;
• lower cost compared to monolithic floors.

The disadvantages of slab flooring are:

• availability of special equipment (crane) for installation;
• limited size grid;
• heavy weight of products;
• certain requirements for supporting floor slabs.

Comparative Cost

When constructing interfloor structures, the issue of price plays an important role. If we compare all the varieties with each other, we get the following sequence. The cheapest will be a reinforced concrete hollow slab with a cost per square meter of 1,200 rubles. In second place will be a monolithic product - 2000 - 2500 rubles per square meter. The cost can vary greatly depending on the thickness and manufacturing technology.

The most expensive flooring is a slab of foamed concrete - from 3,000 rubles per square. The high cost is explained by the complex manufacturing technology and the small width of the slab.

Also, the cost of slab floors must include the costs of transportation and lifting, which in some cases may be equal to their cost.

Which floors to choose for an aerated concrete house

To decide on the choice of flooring for an aerated concrete house, you first need to make calculations on the load-bearing capacity of the walls, that is, what maximum load the walls can withstand.

After all, if your walls are only 200 mm thick, made of D400 aerated concrete with strength class B1.5, and at the same time the span length is quite large, then the load-bearing capacity for a monolithic or slab floor may not be enough. In such a situation, it is necessary to use wooden, aerated concrete or prefabricated monolithic floors.

Also important factors influencing the choice of floors are:

1. Floor bearing capacity
2. Maximum span length
3. Soundproofing
4. Price
5. Construction time
6. Possibility of access for special equipment

We will talk about all these factors and nuances further, considering and comparing each of the flooring options.

• Monolithic
• Prefabricated monolithic
• Reinforced concrete slabs
• Aerated concrete slabs
• Wooden or metal beams

Wooden floors in a house made of foam blocks are easy and fast

Wooden ceiling

The ceiling in the house is performed between two floors, or between the interior and the attic. It absorbs large mechanical loads from partitions, furniture and people. The article will tell you what kind of wooden floors there are in a house made of foam blocks, and how to install them.

Design characteristics

Before deciding to build a wooden floor, it is worth getting acquainted with its main advantages and disadvantages:

Types of wooden floors

Wooden floors for houses made of foam blocks differ slightly from such structures in buildings made of other materials.

They are:

• Beam. They are based on beams on which they are laid:

1. Rough floor.
2. Insulation.
3. Decorative materials for the floor.

Tip: The dimensions of the load-bearing beams should be selected based on the pitch between them, the span length and the expected loads on the floor, which are determined by calculation. On average, beams with a cross section of 150*200 mm are used for a private house. The standard length of lumber is 6 m.

• Ribbed. It differs in that instead of massive beams, the base of the floor is made up of boards installed on the edge. Hence the name. Since the thickness of the board is less than that of the timber, belts are installed more often, up to 300 mm - and can even be doubled. The board used for mounting the ribs is taken with a cross-section of 40*200 mm. For covering the floors, OSB boards, chipboards or plywood are used. Mineral wool is used for sound insulation.

Beam floor Ribbed floor Wood floor structure

• Beam-ribbed. They consist of beams and ribs. This method requires a significantly smaller number of beams. Wood consumption is reduced, but installation becomes more complicated.

Calculation of the dimensions of a wooden floor

For long-term and reliable operation of a house made of foam blocks, it is necessary to correctly calculate the interfloor or attic structures that will serve as the floor for the floors. The builder must know what the maximum length and cross-section of beams are needed.

It is very difficult to calculate the entire load on the timber and the foam concrete block; its total value is selected equal to 400 kg/m², including the total weight of the structure itself, equipment and furniture.

There is a summary table that will help you select the cross-section of beams depending on the span length and the pitch of their installation:

For example, when building a house from foam blocks, the span length of which is 5 meters, and installing beams in increments of 1 meter. According to the table, a beam with a cross-section of 15 x 22.5 cm is selected. In further calculations, it should be taken into account that the boards must extend into the wall by at least 15 cm. In this case, the maximum length of the floor will be equal to: 5 + 0.15 + 0, 15 = 5.3 meters.

It is advisable that wooden beams be no more than 6 meters long. Otherwise, the structure may collapse under the influence of loads. The total amount of lumber is calculated taking into account the entire surface area.

Reinforced concrete floor slabs

Floor slabs are a common choice for aerated concrete houses. Reinforced concrete slabs have the following advantages and disadvantages:

1. Low cost.
2. Good load-bearing capacity (from 400 to 800 kg/m2).
3. High speed of installation of the slabs themselves.
4. Good sound insulation of the ceiling.
5. Slab length up to 9 meters.
6. Installation requires hiring a crane.
7. It is necessary to build an armored belt around the perimeter of the walls.

General requirements

In houses made of aerated concrete, for structural reliability and safety, the following requirements must be met:

• Installation of reinforcing bars that need to be anchored. The length of their establishment depends on the type of ceiling. For porous concrete it is greater than for reinforced concrete products, 7.5 cm or more;
• The slabs are installed on an armored belt;
• Floors should not rest on internal load-bearing structures; during construction they should be lower than the main load-bearing walls;
• When laying slabs, a technological gap is left between them, which is subsequently filled with concrete mixture;
• For strength and rigidity of the entire structure, a reinforced concrete piping contour is made around the perimeter, the height of which is the same as the height of the slab itself. The section width should be 100 mm.

Aerated concrete floor slabs

Such floors are made from reinforced autoclaved aerated concrete with a density of D500 or D600. It is possible to order your own version of the slabs at the factory. Although the thermal insulation of these floors is good, there is little point in it, since the second floor also needs to be heated, and there is little point in separating them with thermal insulation.

If we consider an aerated concrete floor as a ceiling from a cold attic, then it is too expensive; it is cheaper to make it from wooden beams insulated with mineral wool.

Advantages and disadvantages:

1. High installation speed.
2. Lightness of the slabs.
3. Excellent thermal insulation.
4. You can do without an armored belt, although it is desirable.
5. Average load-bearing capacity (up to 600 kg/m2).
6. The length of the slabs is up to 6.4 meters.
7. High price.
8. Requires hiring a crane.

Monolithic ceiling

The main advantage of monolithic slabs is that you can fill the slab of almost any shape, which gives greater freedom when planning your house. To strengthen the structure, reinforced reinforced beams are made, which increase the load-bearing capacity of the floors and the possible span length. Unlike floor slabs, the monolith distributes the load along the entire perimeter of the walls.

Advantages and disadvantages:

1. Load-bearing capacity (up to 1000 kg/m2).
2. Span length up to 9 meters.
3. Excellent sound insulation.
4. No armor belt required.
5. You need to hire a concrete mixer and a concrete pump.
6. The highest cost of all flooring options.
7. It takes a long time to build and wait for the concrete to harden.

If you are planning large halls and rooms in your house, then the load-bearing capacity of aerated concrete itself may not be enough for a monolithic floor; in this case, you can use reinforced concrete columns, reinforced slabs and beams. You can get acquainted with such reinforced concrete products by following the link.

Monolithic structures

For monolithic ones, concrete is used, which is poured into formwork directly at the site of construction of the house. 150 mm is the required thickness of the slab.

Advantages of monolithic floors:

• you can fill areas of any geometric shape;
• strength and high load-bearing capacity.

When choosing a monolithic structure, you should consider the following:

• before pouring the concrete mixture into the formwork, preparatory work precedes it;
• additional permitting documents are required (project);
• you will need special equipment (for mixing concrete - a mixer and for pouring - a concrete pump);
• when producing a concrete mixture on site, it is possible that the technology for preparing the solution is not followed, which may subsequently affect the quality of the slabs;
• alternatively, ready-mixed concrete can be brought from the factory;
• it will take a lot of time to install the formwork and completely dry the concrete floor;
• high price.

Prefabricated monolithic floor

Prefabricated monolithic floors consist of factory-reinforced beams, between which aerated concrete blocks are installed, acting as fillers. Reinforcement is laid on top and high-quality concrete M250-M300 is poured.

Advantages and disadvantages:

1. Span length up to 9 meters.
2. Freedom in planning.
3. An armored belt is not required.
4. Relatively light weight.
5. Load-bearing capacity (up to 600 kg/m2)
6. Average price.
7. Greater savings in concrete compared to pure monolith.
8. Good sound insulation.
9. No installation of an armored belt is required.
10. No tap required.